School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yuetan Community Health Service Center, Fuxing Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2021 Dec;35(4):1226-1239. doi: 10.1111/scs.12941. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
Caring is an essential component of professional nursing practice, which directly affects the quality of patient care. Nurses' caring ability may not meet patients' demands for high-quality care. There are challenges in designing and implementing interventions to improve nurses' caring ability, especially in China. Understanding Chinese nurses' caring ability and related influential factors serves as the basis for effective interventions to improve their ability to care for patients.
To describe the caring ability of nurses and its potential predictors in China.
From January to February 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2304 Registered Nurses working at different levels of hospitals across 29 provinces in China. The structured online survey included socio-demographic information, Caring Ability Inventory, Caring Efficacy Scale and Professional Quality of Life. Descriptive statistics, univariate analyses and multivariate analyses were conducted.
Overall caring ability and its three dimensions of the participants were all significantly lower than the Nkongho' norm, an international scoring standard of nurse's caring ability. Age, employment type, workplace, caring efficacy, compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress were predictors of knowing, explaining 41.8% of the variance. Predictors of courage were educational level, bereavement experience, caring efficacy, compassion satisfaction and burnout (31.7% of the variance). Educational level, workplace, exposure to critically ill patients, caring efficacy, compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress were influencing factors of patience, accounting for 19.5% of the variance.
Chinese nurses' caring ability, with patience, knowing, and courage in descending order. Particular attention needs to be paid to the courage dimension of the nurses' caring ability. Further, the predictors of overall caring ability and each dimension were diverse. These results indicate that nurse educators and administrators need to identify training priorities and design targeted interventions based on the influencing factors.
关怀是专业护理实践的重要组成部分，直接影响患者护理质量。护士的关怀能力可能无法满足患者对高质量护理的需求。设计和实施干预措施以提高护士的关怀能力具有挑战性，特别是在中国。了解中国护士的关怀能力及其相关影响因素是实施有效干预措施以提高其患者关怀能力的基础。
描述中国护士的关怀能力及其潜在预测因素。
2018 年 1 月至 2 月，采用横断面调查方法，选取中国 29 个省（自治区、直辖市）2304 名不同级别医院注册护士作为研究对象。采用自行设计的一般资料问卷、关怀能力量表、关怀效能量表和护士职业倦怠量表进行调查。采用描述性统计分析、单因素分析和多元逐步回归分析进行统计学处理。
护士关怀能力总分及其三个维度得分均显著低于国际护士关怀能力量表的常模得分。年龄、工作类型、工作场所、关怀效能量表、同情满足感、职业耗竭和二次创伤应激是关怀能力总分的预测因素，共解释总变异的 41.8%。知识维度的预测因素为年龄、工作类型、工作场所、关怀效能量表、同情满足感、职业耗竭和二次创伤应激，共解释总变异的 31.7%。勇气维度的预测因素为教育程度、丧亲经历、关怀效能量表、同情满足感和职业耗竭，共解释总变异的 31.7%。耐心维度的预测因素为教育程度、工作场所、接触危重症患者、关怀效能量表、同情满足感、职业耗竭和二次创伤应激，共解释总变异的 19.5%。
中国护士的关怀能力由高到低依次为耐心、知识和勇气。需要特别关注护士关怀能力的勇气维度。此外，关怀能力总分及各维度的预测因素具有多样性，提示护士教育者和管理者需要根据影响因素确定培训重点并设计有针对性的干预措施。
