School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
Chem Biol Interact. 2021 Apr 25;339:109268. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109268. Epub 2021 Feb 20.
Salidroside has been identified as one of the most potent compounds isolated from various Rhodiola plants, which have been used for a long time as adaptogens in traditional Chinese medicine. However, due to the severe growing environment of herbal medicine and large-scale excavation, the content of natural salidroside is extremely small. Most of the previous studies focused on herbal medicine, and there were few reviews on the synthesis of its main active ingredient salidroside. This paper presents different synthetic routes of salidroside to resolve the contradiction between supply and demand and lays the foundation for new drug research and development. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that salidroside, a promising environmentally-adapted drug with low toxicity and few side effects, possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including activities on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system, anti-hypoxia, anti-fatigue and anti-aging activities, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, antivirus and immune stimulation activities, antidiabetic activity, anti-osteoporotic activity, and so on. Although the former researches have summarized the pharmacological effects of salidroside, focusing on the central nervous system, diabetes, and cancer, the overall pharmacological aspects of it have not been analyzed. This review highlights biological characteristics and mechanisms of action from 2009 to now as well as toxicological and pharmacokinetic data of the analyzed compound reported so far, with a view to providing a reference for further development and utilization of salidroside.
红景天苷被鉴定为从各种红景天植物中分离出的最有效化合物之一，长期以来一直被用作中药中的适应原。然而，由于草药生长环境恶劣和大规模开采，天然红景天苷的含量极低。以前的研究大多集中在草药上，对其主要活性成分红景天苷的合成研究较少。本文介绍了红景天苷的不同合成途径，以解决供需矛盾，为新药研究和开发奠定基础。此外，新出现的证据表明，红景天苷作为一种具有低毒性和副作用的有前途的环境适应药物，具有广泛的药理活性，包括对心血管系统和中枢神经系统的作用、抗缺氧、抗疲劳和抗衰老作用、抗癌活性、抗炎活性、抗氧化活性、抗病毒和免疫刺激活性、抗糖尿病活性、抗骨质疏松活性等。尽管以前的研究已经总结了红景天苷的药理作用，重点是中枢神经系统、糖尿病和癌症，但它的整体药理方面尚未得到分析。本综述重点介绍了 2009 年至今该化合物的生物学特性和作用机制以及迄今为止报告的毒性和药代动力学数据，以期为红景天苷的进一步开发和利用提供参考。
