Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.
Department of Government, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Feb 24;16(2):e0246835. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246835. eCollection 2021.
Maritime piracy constitutes a major threat to global shipping and international trade. We argue that fishers turn to piracy to smooth expected income losses and to deter illegal foreign fishing fleets. Previous investigations have generally focused on cross-national determinants of the incidence of piracy in territorial waters. These investigations neglect piracy in international waters and ignore its spatial dependence, whereby pirate attacks cluster in certain locations due to neighborhood and spillover effects. We conduct a geographically disaggregated analysis using geo-referenced data of piracy and its covariates between 2005 and 2014. We demonstrate that the incidence of piracy in a particular location is associated with higher catch volumes from high-bycatch and habitat-destroying fishing, even when controlling for conditions in proximate coastal areas. We find, additionally, that illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing exerts an especially pronounced effect on piracy. These findings highlight the need for anti-piracy solutions beyond enforcement to include the policing of fishing practices that are illegal or are perceived by local fishers in vulnerable coastal areas to be harmful to small-scale fishing economies.
海盗行为对全球航运和国际贸易构成了重大威胁。我们认为，渔民诉诸海盗行为是为了弥补预期的收入损失，并阻止非法外国渔船。先前的调查通常集中于海盗行为在领海的发生的跨国决定因素。这些调查忽视了公海的海盗行为，也忽略了其空间依赖性，即由于邻里和溢出效应，海盗袭击在某些地点聚集。我们使用 2005 年至 2014 年的海盗及其协变量的地理分散数据进行了地理上的细分分析。我们证明，在特定地点发生的海盗行为的发生率与高兼捕和破坏生境的捕捞量更高有关，即使在控制了邻近沿海地区的情况也是如此。此外，我们发现非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞对海盗行为有特别显著的影响。这些发现强调了需要超越执法的反海盗解决方案，包括对被认为对脆弱沿海地区的小规模渔业经济有害的非法或不受监管的捕捞行为进行监管。
