Potential role of specific microRNAs in the regulation of thermal stress response in livestock.

Thermal stress is known to have harmful effects on livestock productivity and can cause livestock enterprises considerable financial loss. These effects may be aggravated by climate change. Stress responses to nonspecific systemic actions lead to perturbation of molecular pathways in the organism. The molecular response is regulated in a dynamic and synchronized manner that assurances robustness and flexibility for the restoration of functional and structural homeostasis in stressed cells and tissues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are micro molecules of small non-coding RNA that control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recently, various studies have discovered precise types of miRNA that regulate cellular machinery and homeostasis under various types of stress, suggesting a significant role of miRNA in thermal stress responses in animals. The miRNAs revealed in this paper could serve as promising candidates and biomarkers for heat stress and could be used as potential pharmacological targets for mitigating the consequences of thermal stress. Stress miRNA pathways may be associated with thermal stress, which offers some potential approaches to combat the negative impacts of thermal stress in livestock. The review provides new data that can assist the elucidation of the miRNA mechanisms that mediate animals' responses to thermal stress.