Higgins I T, Mahan C M, Wynder E L
Division of Epidemiology, American Health Foundation, New York, New York 10017.
Prev Med. 1988 Jan;17(1):116-28. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(88)90077-1.
The effect of pipe and cigar smoking on lung cancer risk is reviewed using data from an ongoing hospital-based, case-control study of smoking-related cancers. Data from 2,085 patients with histologically defined lung cancer and 3,948 matched controls interviewed between 1977 and 1984 were analyzed. Cigar and pipe smokers experienced much lower lung cancer risks than cigarette smokers. Risk, expressed as the odds ratio in current smokers of cigarettes only, was 16.0 times that of never smokers (95% confidence intervals, 12.2 to 20.9), 3.1 times that of cigars only (1.8 to 5.6), 1.9 times that of pipes only (0.8 to 4.3), and 2.5 times that of cigars and pipes (1.0 to 6.1). Risks were high in mixed smokers of cigars, pipes, or cigars and pipes, who also smoked cigarettes, odds ratio 10.5 (7.7 to 14.4). Among pipe and/or cigar smokers only, patients with lung cancer were more likely than controls to have been long-time smokers of 5 or more cigars or 5 or more pipefuls per day and to have inhaled. The odds ratio for those smoking 5 to 9 cigars or pipes per day was 3.2 and for those smoking 10 or more units 6.7. The odds ratio of those cigar or pipe smokers who inhaled was 12.3. The proportion of Kreyberg I cancers was higher in cigar and pipe smokers than in cigarette smokers.
利用一项正在进行的基于医院的吸烟相关癌症病例对照研究的数据，对吸雪茄和烟斗与肺癌风险之间的关系进行了综述。分析了1977年至1984年间接受访谈的2085例经组织学确诊的肺癌患者和3948例匹配对照的数据。吸雪茄和烟斗的人患肺癌的风险比吸烟者低得多。风险以仅吸香烟的当前吸烟者的比值比表示，是从不吸烟者的16.0倍（95%置信区间，12.2至20.9），是仅吸雪茄者的3.1倍（1.8至5.6），是仅吸烟斗者的1.9倍（0.8至4.3），是吸雪茄和烟斗者的2.5倍（1.0至6.1）。吸雪茄、烟斗或雪茄和烟斗且也吸香烟的混合吸烟者风险较高，比值比为10.5（7.7至14.4）。在仅吸烟斗和/或雪茄的人中，肺癌患者比对照更有可能是每天吸5支或更多雪茄或5斗或更多烟丝且有吸入行为的长期吸烟者。每天吸5至9支雪茄或烟斗者的比值比为3.2，每天吸10支或更多者的比值比为6.7。吸雪茄或烟斗且有吸入行为者的比值比为12.3。吸雪茄和烟斗者中克雷伯格I型癌症的比例高于吸烟者。
