Applied Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
J Appl Microbiol. 2021 Nov;131(5):2148-2160. doi: 10.1111/jam.15049. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
The diagnosis of biofilms continues to be a challenge, and there is no standardized protocol for such a diagnosis in clinical practice. In addition, some proposed methodologies are expensive to require significant amounts of time and a high number of trained staff, making them impracticable for clinical practice. In recent years, mass spectrophotometry/matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) has been applied it in biofilm studies. However, due to several problems and limitations of the technique, MALDI-TOF is far from being the gold standard for identifying biofilm formation. The omics analysis may prove to be a promising strategy for the diagnosis of biofilms in clinical laboratories since it allows the identification of pathogens in less time than needed for conventional techniques and in a more specific manner. However, omic tools are expensive and require qualified technical expertise, and an analysis of the data obtained needs to be careful not to neglect subpopulations in the biofilm. More studies must therefore be developed for creating a protocol that guarantees rapid biofilm identification, ensuring greater chances of success in infection control. This review discusses the current methods of microbial biofilm detection and future perspectives for its diagnosis in clinical practice.
生物膜的诊断仍然是一个挑战，临床上没有用于这种诊断的标准化方案。此外，一些提出的方法学昂贵，需要大量的时间和大量经过培训的人员，因此在临床上不可行。近年来，质谱/基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间（MALDI-TOF）已应用于生物膜研究中。然而，由于该技术存在一些问题和局限性，MALDI-TOF 远非识别生物膜形成的金标准。组学分析可能被证明是临床实验室中生物膜诊断的一种有前途的策略，因为它允许在比传统技术所需的时间更短的时间内以更特定的方式识别病原体。然而，组学工具昂贵，需要合格的技术专业知识，并且需要仔细分析获得的数据，以免忽略生物膜中的亚群。因此，必须开展更多的研究来制定一个协议，以保证快速识别生物膜，从而提高感染控制的成功率。本文综述了微生物生物膜检测的当前方法和未来在临床实践中进行诊断的前景。
