Lei Hongjun, Xia Jinniu, Xiao Zheyuan, Chen Yingying, Jin Cuicui, Pan Hongwei, Pang Zhuodan
School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Feb 26;13(5):642. doi: 10.3390/plants13050642.
In order to study the soil nitrogen (N) distribution pattern in the root zone of chili peppers under aerated drip irrigation (ADI) conditions and analyze the relationship between soil N distribution and crop growth, two irrigation methods (conventional drip irrigation and ADI) and three N levels (0, 140, and 210 kg hm) were set up in this experiment. Soil samples were collected by the soil auger method at the end of different reproductive periods, and the uniformity coefficient of soil N in the spatial distribution was calculated by the method of Christiansen's coefficient. The growth status and soil-related indices of pepper were determined at each sampling period, and the relationships between soil N distribution and chili pepper growth were obtained based on principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the spatial content of soil nitrate-N (NO-N) fluctuated little during the whole reproductive period of chili peppers under ADI conditions, and the coefficient of uniformity of soil NO-N content distribution increased by 5.29~37.63% compared with that of conventional drip irrigation. The aerated treatment increased the root length and surface area of chili peppers. In addition, the ADI treatments increased the plant height, stem diameter, root vigor, and leaf chlorophyll content to some extent compared with the nonaerated treatment. The results of PCA showed that the yield of chili peppers was positively correlated with the uniformity coefficient of soil NO-N, root vigor, and root length. ADI can significantly improve the distribution uniformity of soil NO-N and enhance the absorption and utilization of N by the root system, which in turn is conducive to the growth of the crop, the formation of yields, and the improvement of fruit quality.
为研究充气滴灌（ADI）条件下辣椒根区土壤氮（N）分布规律，并分析土壤氮分布与作物生长的关系，本试验设置了两种灌溉方式（常规滴灌和ADI）和三个氮水平（0、140和210 kg·hm）。在不同生育期结束时采用土钻法采集土壤样品，用克里斯蒂安森系数法计算土壤氮空间分布的均匀系数。在每个采样期测定辣椒的生长状况和土壤相关指标，并基于主成分分析（PCA）得出土壤氮分布与辣椒生长的关系。结果表明，在ADI条件下，辣椒整个生育期土壤硝态氮（NO₃-N）空间含量波动较小，土壤NO₃-N含量分布均匀系数比常规滴灌提高了5.29%~37.63%。充气处理增加了辣椒的根长和根表面积。此外，与未充气处理相比，ADI处理在一定程度上提高了辣椒的株高、茎粗、根系活力和叶片叶绿素含量。PCA结果表明，辣椒产量与土壤NO₃-N均匀系数、根系活力和根长呈正相关。ADI能显著提高土壤NO₃-N的分布均匀性，增强根系对氮的吸收利用，进而有利于作物生长、产量形成和果实品质提高。
