Prof. Dr. İlhan Özdemir Research Hospital, Giresun Üniversity, Giresun, Turkey.
Department of Nursing, Gümüşhane University Faculty of Health Sciences, Gümüşhane, Turkey.
Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021 Oct;57(4):1829-1837. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12756. Epub 2021 Feb 26.
This study was carried out in a cross-sectional and correlational design to explore the relationship between anxiety levels and anger expression styles of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The sample of this cross-sectional and correlational type of study consisted of 618 nurses calculated with the snowball sampling method. The data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researchers, the state anxiety inventory, and the trait anger and anger expression scale and was conducted between May 10 and 20, 2020 using an online questionnaire form. Percentage, mean, standard deviation, the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the data.
The mean age of nurses was 34.98 ± 8.36 years (min: 20; max: 53), 87.4% were women, and 81.7% experienced a high level of anxiety. The anger scores of the participants were found to be 20.04 ± 4.43, the anger-in score was 15.55 ± 3.34, the anger-out score was 14.01 ± 2.87, and the anger control score was 22.93 ± 3.6. Being married, the presence of chronic disease, living in the Marmara region, working shifts, presence of an individual over 65 years of age at home, and having a COVID-19 test were found to be risk factors that significantly increase nurses' anxieties. A significant positive relationship was found between the anxiety scores, trait anger (r = 0.249, p = 0.000), anger-in (r = 0.174, p = 0.000) and anger-out (r = 0.205, p = 0.000) scores of nurses, and a significant negative relationship was found between the anxiety scores and anger control (r = 0.249, p = 0.000) score.
The study revealed that in the COVID-19 pandemic the anxiety levels of the nurses were high and that the high anxiety level negatively affected the style of anger expression, but the nurses were successful in maintaining anger control. In line with these results, it is important that nurses develop effective coping strategies to reduce their anxiety levels and that they receive increased levels of support in managing anger expression.
本研究采用横断面相关性设计，旨在探讨 COVID-19 大流行期间护士焦虑水平与愤怒表达方式之间的关系。
本横断面相关性研究的样本由 618 名采用雪球抽样法选取的护士组成。数据收集使用研究人员制定的问卷、状态焦虑量表、特质愤怒和愤怒表达量表，并于 2020 年 5 月 10 日至 20 日期间通过在线问卷形式进行。采用百分比、均数、标准差、Mann-Whitney U 检验、Kruskal-Wallis 检验、Spearman 相关分析和多元线性回归分析对数据进行评估。
护士的平均年龄为 34.98±8.36 岁（最小：20；最大：53），87.4%为女性，81.7%经历高度焦虑。参与者的愤怒得分为 20.04±4.43，愤怒内得分 15.55±3.34，愤怒外得分 14.01±2.87，愤怒控制得分 22.93±3.6。研究发现，已婚、患有慢性病、居住在马尔马拉地区、轮班工作、家中有 65 岁以上老人、接受 COVID-19 检测是增加护士焦虑的显著危险因素。护士的焦虑评分与特质愤怒（r=0.249，p=0.000）、愤怒内（r=0.174，p=0.000）和愤怒外（r=0.205，p=0.000）得分呈显著正相关，焦虑评分与愤怒控制（r=0.249，p=0.000）得分呈显著负相关。
本研究表明，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，护士的焦虑水平较高，而较高的焦虑水平会对愤怒表达方式产生负面影响，但护士成功地保持了愤怒控制。根据这些结果，护士开发有效的应对策略以降低焦虑水平并获得更多的支持来管理愤怒表达非常重要。
