New York State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.
Nassau County Department of Health, 200 County Seat Drive, Mineola, New York 11501, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2021 Jan 6;57(1):132-144. doi: 10.7589/2018-02-033.
Approximately 1.86 million baits containing a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine were distributed with helicopters, vehicles, and bait stations during 2006-10. A bait density of 250 baits/km2 effectively controlled rabies cases in enzootic and preepizootic areas. However, a cluster of 11 rabid raccoons at the eastern edge of infection resulted in the initiation of semiannual, high-density (500 baits/km2) vaccination campaigns in approximately 20% of the oral rabies vaccination zone during July and September (2007-09). Bait success (i.e., chewed sachets or removed baits) at bait stations was negatively associated with station distances from water. Conversely, bait success improved with increasing distances from roads. Bait stations deployed significantly more baits in developed open space when compared to low- and medium- to high-intensity developed areas. However, a difference was not detected between developed open space and forest habitats. Rabies was confined to 86 raccoons within 317 km2 (10%) of a 3,133 km2 suburban landscape, with a disproportionate number of rabid raccoons (n=74) in developed areas, when compared to 10 cases in forest-wetland habitats. Two rabid raccoons did not fall within either general land-use classification. Rabies advanced 15.1 km eastward at a rate of 6.4 km/yr during a 28-mo interval (2004-06).
大约 186 万枚含有痘苗-狂犬病糖蛋白重组疫苗的诱饵通过直升机、车辆和诱饵站在 2006-10 年期间投放。每平方公里 250 个诱饵的密度有效地控制了地方性和流行前地区的狂犬病病例。然而，在感染的东缘，一群 11 只患有狂犬病的浣熊导致在 2007-09 年的 7 月和 9 月，大约 20%的口服狂犬病疫苗接种区每半年进行一次高密度（每平方公里 500 个诱饵）的疫苗接种活动。诱饵站的诱饵成功率（即，咀嚼过的小袋或已取出的诱饵）与离水的距离呈负相关。相反，随着与道路的距离增加，诱饵成功率提高。与低强度和中高强度开发区域相比，开发的开放空间部署了明显更多的诱饵。然而，在开发的开放空间和森林栖息地之间没有发现差异。狂犬病局限于 317 平方公里（10%）的 3133 平方公里郊区景观内的 86 只浣熊中，与森林湿地栖息地的 10 例相比，开发区域中患有狂犬病的浣熊数量不成比例（n=74）。有 2 只患有狂犬病的浣熊不属于任何一般土地利用分类。在 28 个月的时间间隔（2004-06）内，狂犬病以每年 6.4 公里的速度向东推进了 15.1 公里。
