Robbins A H, Borden M D, Windmiller B S, Niezgoda M, Marcus L C, O'Brien S M, Kreindel S M, McGuill M W, DeMaria A, Rupprecht C E, Rowell S
Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998 Nov 15;213(10):1407-12.
To evaluate the use of bait containing rabies vaccine to create a barrier of rabies-vaccinated raccoons in Massachusetts and to determine the effectiveness of various bait distribution strategies in halting the spread of rabies.
Prospective study.
Free-ranging raccoons.
Baits were distributed twice yearly in a 207-km2 (80-mi2) area in the vicinity of the Cape Cod Canal. Bait density and distribution strategy varied among 3 treatment areas. Raccoons were caught in live traps after bait distribution and anesthetized; blood samples were obtained to measure serum antibody titers to rabies virus. Vaccination rates were determined by the percentage of captured raccoons with antibody titers to rabies virus > or = 1:5. In addition, raccoons with clinical signs of illness inside the vaccination zone and adjacent areas were euthanatized and submitted for rabies testing.
The percentage of vaccinated raccoons differed significantly among the following 3 areas with various bait densities: high-density area with uniform bait distribution (103 baits/km2 [267 baits/mi2]) = 37%; low-density area with additional targeted bait distribution (93 baits/km2 [240 baits/mi2]) = 67%; and, high-density area with additional targeted bait distribution (135 baits/km2 [350 baits/mi2]) = 77%. Nineteen animals with rabies (15 raccoons, 3 skunks, 1 cat) were reported in the area just outside of the vaccination zone, but only 1 raccoon with rabies was reported from inside the vaccination zone.
In this suburban study area, an approximate vaccination rate of 63% was sufficient to halt the spread of rabies in free-ranging raccoons. Compared with uniform bait distribution, targeting raccoon habitats increased vaccination rates.
评估使用含狂犬病疫苗的诱饵在马萨诸塞州建立接种狂犬病疫苗的浣熊屏障，并确定各种诱饵投放策略在阻止狂犬病传播方面的有效性。
前瞻性研究。
自由放养的浣熊。
每年在科德角运河附近207平方公里（80平方英里）的区域内两次投放诱饵。诱饵密度和投放策略在3个治疗区域有所不同。诱饵投放后，用活捉陷阱捕获浣熊并麻醉；采集血样以测量狂犬病病毒血清抗体滴度。接种率通过捕获的浣熊中狂犬病病毒抗体滴度>或=1:5的百分比来确定。此外，对接种区内及相邻区域出现疾病临床症状的浣熊实施安乐死并进行狂犬病检测。
在以下3个具有不同诱饵密度的区域中，接种疫苗的浣熊百分比存在显著差异：诱饵均匀分布的高密度区域（每平方公里103个诱饵[每平方英里267个诱饵]）=37%；有额外针对性诱饵投放的低密度区域（每平方公里93个诱饵[每平方英里240个诱饵]）=67%；以及有额外针对性诱饵投放的高密度区域（每平方公里135个诱饵[每平方英里350个诱饵]）=77%。在接种区外的区域报告了19只患有狂犬病的动物（15只浣熊、3只臭鼬、1只猫），但接种区内仅报告了1只患有狂犬病的浣熊。
在这个郊区研究区域，大约63%的接种率足以阻止狂犬病在自由放养的浣熊中传播。与均匀投放诱饵相比，针对浣熊栖息地投放诱饵提高了接种率。
