Atzeni I M, van de Zande S C, Westra J, Zwerver J, Smit A J, Mulder D J
Dept. of Internal Medicine, Div. of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Dept. of Internal Medicine, Div. of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Methods. 2022 Jul;203:533-541. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.02.016. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are sugar-modified adducts which arise during non-enzymatic glycoxidative stress. These compounds may become systemically elevated in disease states, and accumulate in tissue, especially on long-lived proteins. AGEs have been implicated in various acute, and chronic diseases, stressing the need for reliable and comprehensive measuring techniques. Measurement of AGEs in tissue such as skin requires invasive skin biopsies. The AGE Reader has been developed to assess skin autofluorescence (SAF) non-invasively using the fluorescent properties of several AGEs.
RESULTS/CONCLUSION: Various studies have shown that SAF is a useful marker of disease processes associated with oxidative stress. It is prospectively associated with the development of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes, renal or cardiovascular disease, and it predicts diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in the general population. However, when measuring SAF in individual subjects, several factors may limit the reliability of the measurement. These include endogenous factors present in the skin that absorb emission light such as melanin in dark-skinned subjects, but also factors that lead to temporal changes in SAF such as acute diseases and strenuous physical exercise associated with glycoxidative stress. Also, exogenous factors could potentially influence SAF levels inadvertently such as nutrition, and for example the application of skin care products. This review will address the AGE Reader functionality and the endogenous, and exogenous factors which potentially influence the SAF assessment in individual subjects.
晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）是在非酶糖氧化应激过程中产生的糖修饰加合物。这些化合物在疾病状态下可能会全身性升高，并在组织中积累，尤其是在长寿蛋白上。AGEs与各种急性和慢性疾病有关，这凸显了对可靠且全面的测量技术的需求。在诸如皮肤等组织中测量AGEs需要进行侵入性皮肤活检。AGE阅读器已被开发出来，用于利用几种AGEs的荧光特性非侵入性地评估皮肤自发荧光（SAF）。
结果/结论：各种研究表明，SAF是与氧化应激相关的疾病进程的有用标志物。它与糖尿病、肾脏或心血管疾病患者心血管事件的发生前瞻性相关，并且在普通人群中可预测糖尿病、心血管疾病和死亡率。然而，在个体受试者中测量SAF时，有几个因素可能会限制测量的可靠性。这些因素包括皮肤中存在的吸收发射光的内源性因素，如深色皮肤受试者中的黑色素，也包括导致SAF随时间变化的因素，如与糖氧化应激相关的急性疾病和剧烈体育锻炼。此外，外源性因素可能会无意中影响SAF水平，如营养，例如护肤品的使用。本综述将探讨AGE阅读器的功能以及可能影响个体受试者SAF评估的内源性和外源性因素。
