Hiscock Rosemary, Bloomfield Michael J
Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
Tob Prev Cessat. 2021 Feb 25;7:15. doi: 10.18332/tpc/131811. eCollection 2021.
Tobacco control research and advocacy has yet to capitalize on understanding the tobacco industry supply chain. The objective of this narrative review is to expose the processes, actors and supporting industries involved in tobacco production, laying the groundwork to expand the scope of tobacco control beyond the transnational tobacco companies (TTCs).
We reviewed 69 academic articles (2013 to 2019) and five tobacco industry journal issues.
We identify six major processes in tobacco production: farming, primary processing of the leaf, secondary processing into products such as cigarettes, packaged product, usage by smokers, and decay. Supply chain actors include seed and plant retailers, farmers, leaf processors, wholesalers, brokers and middlemen, manufacturers, retailers, smokers and refuse collectors with considerable variation in intermediate actors by location. Supporting industries supply additives, machinery, packaging, logistics, marketing, and research and development (R&D).
This expanded understanding of the supply chain can enable wider appreciation of the various incentives and risks of being involved in the industry, all of which is important information to feed into tobacco control policies. Researchers and campaigners, seeking to design effective policy preventing the expansion of this industry and the health harms it produces, need to look beyond the TTCs to identify under-exploited leverage points along the entire tobacco supply chain.
烟草控制研究与宣传尚未充分利用对烟草行业供应链的理解。本叙述性综述的目的是揭示烟草生产所涉及的流程、参与者和支持产业，为将烟草控制范围扩展到跨国烟草公司之外奠定基础。
我们回顾了69篇学术文章（2013年至2019年）以及五期烟草行业期刊。
我们确定了烟草生产中的六个主要流程：种植、烟叶初加工、香烟等产品的二次加工、包装产品、吸烟者使用以及腐烂。供应链参与者包括种子和植物零售商、农民、烟叶加工商、批发商、经纪人和中间商、制造商、零售商、吸烟者以及垃圾收集者，中间参与者因地点不同而有很大差异。支持产业提供添加剂、机械、包装、物流、营销以及研发。
对供应链的这种更广泛理解能够使人们更全面地认识参与该行业的各种激励因素和风险，所有这些都是为烟草控制政策提供信息的重要内容。研究人员和活动家若想设计出有效的政策来防止该行业扩张及其造成的健康危害，就需要超越跨国烟草公司，在整个烟草供应链中寻找尚未充分利用的杠杆点。
