Purdom Troy M, Levers Kyle S, Giles Jacob, Brown Lindsey, McPherson Chase S, Howard Jordan
Department of Kinesiology, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States.
Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
Front Sports Act Living. 2021 Feb 10;2:610475. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.610475. eCollection 2020.
Previous research has shown that acute competition training stress negatively affects neuromuscular function which can perpetuate a predisposition to injury. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of accumulated competition training stress effect on neuromuscular function and incidence of increased injury risk in uninjured female D1 soccer players. Neuromuscular function was evaluated in fifteen female division I soccer athletes who played >85% of competitive season competitions who were tested for mobility/stability, leg length symmetry, and vertical power at three different points across the competitive season (pre, mid, and post time blocks). Leg length symmetry was measured from the anterior superior iliac spine to the lateral malleolus prior to Y-balance testing. The Y-balance testing measures unilateral anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach achieved in single leg stance using metrics that include L/R normalized composite reach (NCOMP), L/R normalized antiorior reach (NANT), and L/R NCOMP/NANT segmental differences across time. Injury risk was evaluated using validated objective criteria that included: (NCOMP total reach <94% of limb length3), (NANT reach distance <84% leg length) along with NCOMP and NANT asymmetries >4.0. Maximal vertical power (MVP) was measured via vertical jump. Multiple repeated measures ANOVAs evaluated NCOMP, NANT, MVP, and leg length symmetry across time with LSD testing when relevant (X ± SD). A significant main effect was found [ = 62.92, < 0.001; η =0.82] with training stress and neuromuscular function without affecting maximal vertical power. Eighty percent of subject's bilateral NCOMP scores fell below the YBT reach standard at midseason (ES = 0.95, = 0.02) while all subjects NANT reach distance remained below the reach threshold (ES = 0.74, = 0.003) indicating a 6.5× and 2.5× greater injury risk, respectively. Competition stress affected neuromuscular function without affecting maximal power, which negatively impacted stability and increased injury risk.
先前的研究表明，急性比赛训练压力会对神经肌肉功能产生负面影响，进而使受伤倾向持续存在。本研究的目的是调查累积比赛训练压力对未受伤的女子一级足球运动员神经肌肉功能和受伤风险增加发生率的影响。对15名在赛季中参加了超过85%比赛的女子一级足球运动员的神经肌肉功能进行了评估，在整个比赛赛季的三个不同时间点（赛前、赛中、赛后时间段）对她们进行了移动性/稳定性、腿长对称性和垂直力量测试。在进行Y平衡测试之前，从髂前上棘到外踝测量腿长对称性。Y平衡测试测量单腿站立时实现的单侧前向、后内侧和后外侧伸展，使用的指标包括左右归一化复合伸展（NCOMP）、左右归一化前向伸展（NANT）以及不同时间的左右NCOMP/NANT节段差异。使用经过验证的客观标准评估受伤风险，这些标准包括：（NCOMP总伸展<肢体长度的94%）、（NANT伸展距离<腿长的84%）以及NCOMP和NANT不对称性>4.0。通过垂直跳跃测量最大垂直力量（MVP）。相关时，使用LSD检验通过多次重复测量方差分析评估不同时间的NCOMP、NANT、MVP和腿长对称性（X±SD）。发现训练压力与神经肌肉功能之间存在显著的主效应[F = 62.92，p < 0.001；η² = 0.82]，但不影响最大垂直力量。80%受试者的双侧NCOMP得分在赛季中期低于Y平衡测试伸展标准（ES = 0.95，p = 0.02），而所有受试者的NANT伸展距离均低于伸展阈值（ES = 0.74，p = 0.003），分别表明受伤风险高6.5倍和2.5倍。比赛压力影响神经肌肉功能但不影响最大力量，这对稳定性产生负面影响并增加了受伤风险。
