Tichenor Seth E, Johnson Chelsea A, Yaruss J Scott
Michigan State University, East Lansing.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021 Mar 17;64(3):839-853. doi: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00237. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
Purpose Recent studies have shown that many children who stutter may have elevated characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although childhood ADHD commonly persists into adulthood, it is unclear how many adults who stutter experience aspects of ADHD (e.g., inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity). This study sought to increase understanding of how ADHD characteristics might affect individuals who stutter by evaluating (a) whether elevated ADHD characteristics are common in adults who stutter, (b) whether elevated ADHD characteristics in adults who stutter were significantly associated with greater adverse impact related to stuttering, and (c) whether individual differences in Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) and Effortful Control influenced this relationship. Method Two hundred fifty-four adults who stutter completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire, the Adult Temperament Questionnaire short form, and the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed via multiple linear regression to determine whether the number of inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity characteristics was significantly associated with RNT, Effortful Control, or Adverse Impact related to stuttering. Results Almost one quarter of participants (23.2%; 60/254) self-reported experiencing six or more inattention characteristics, while fewer participants (8.3%; 21/254) self-reported experiencing six or more hyperactivity/impulsivity characteristics. Participants with lower Effortful Control and higher levels of both RNT and Adverse Impact were significantly more likely to self-report experiencing more inattention characteristics. Discussion Many adults who stutter may exhibit previously unaccounted for characteristics of ADHD, especially inattention. Results highlight the value of continued research on the intersectionality of stuttering, ADHD, and attention, and the importance of individualizing therapy to the needs of each unique person who stutters.
目的 近期研究表明，许多口吃儿童可能具有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的增强特征。虽然儿童期ADHD通常会持续到成年期，但尚不清楚有多少口吃的成年人经历ADHD的某些方面（如注意力不集中或多动/冲动）。本研究旨在通过评估以下内容来增进对ADHD特征如何影响口吃个体的理解：（a）ADHD增强特征在口吃成年人中是否常见；（b）口吃成年人中ADHD增强特征是否与口吃相关的更大不良影响显著相关；（c）重复性消极思维（RNT）和努力控制方面的个体差异是否会影响这种关系。方法 254名口吃成年人完成了成人ADHD自陈量表、执着思维问卷、成人气质问卷简表以及口吃者总体体验评估。通过多元线性回归分析数据，以确定注意力不集中或多动/冲动特征的数量是否与RNT、努力控制或口吃相关的不良影响显著相关。结果 近四分之一的参与者（23.2%；60/254）自我报告有六个或更多注意力不集中特征，而自我报告有六个或更多多动/冲动特征的参与者较少（8.3%；21/254）。努力控制较低、RNT和不良影响水平较高的参与者更有可能自我报告有更多注意力不集中特征。讨论 许多口吃成年人可能表现出之前未被考虑到的ADHD特征，尤其是注意力不集中。结果凸显了对口吃、ADHD和注意力之间交叉性持续研究的价值，以及根据每个口吃个体的需求进行个性化治疗的重要性。
