在 COVID-19 大流行期间，知识、社会认知感知以及手部卫生和社会隔离实践：对英国大学生的横断面研究。
Knowledge, socio-cognitive perceptions and the practice of hand hygiene and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of UK university students.
机构信息
Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2021 Mar 1;21(1):426. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10461-0.
BACKGROUND
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing and hand hygiene have been the primary means of reducing transmission in the absence of effective treatments or vaccines, but understanding of their determinants is limited. This study aimed to investigate knowledge and socio-cognitive perceptions, and their associations with such protective behaviours, in UK university students.
METHODS
A cross-sectional online survey of 293 students was undertaken on 13 May 2020. Survey questions addressed demographics, knowledge of the disease and effectiveness of the protective measures, risk perception, socio-cognitive perceptions (e.g. attitude, social support, and self-efficacy), habit, time factors and trust, as well as the hand hygiene and social distancing behaviours. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the strongest associations of potential determinants with behaviour.
RESULTS
Participants reported high levels of social distancing with 88.9% answering "Mostly" or "Always" for every activity, but only 42.0% reporting the same for all hand hygiene activities. Knowledge of the effectiveness of each activity in preventing transmission was high, with 90.7% and 93.5% respectively identifying at least 7 of 8 hand hygiene or 9 of 10 social distancing activities correctly. Habit (β = 0.39, p = 0.001) and time factors (β = 0.28, p = 0.001) were the greatest contributors to unique variance in hand hygiene behaviour, followed by ethnicity (β = - 0.13, p = 0.014) and risk perception (β = 0.13, p = 0.016). For social distancing behaviour, the determinants were self-efficacy (β = 0.25, p < 0.001), perceived advantages (β = 0.15, p = 0.022), trust in policy (β = 0.14, p = 0.026) and gender (β = - 0.14, p = 0.016). Regression models explained 40% hand hygiene and 25% social distancing variance.
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicated that communications about effectiveness of hand hygiene and social distancing behaviours had been effective in terms of knowledge acquisition. However, in the light of likely second waves of COVID-19, attention to maintaining social distancing behaviour and improving hand hygiene behaviour may need to address more difficult areas of changing habits, overcoming time factors and building trust, as well as interventions to increase self-efficacy and address risk perception concerns.
背景
在 COVID-19 大流行的第一波期间，社交距离和手部卫生一直是减少传播的主要手段，因为当时还没有有效的治疗方法或疫苗，但人们对其决定因素的了解有限。本研究旨在调查英国大学生对疾病的了解和社会认知感知，及其与这些保护行为的关联。
方法
2020 年 5 月 13 日，对 293 名学生进行了横断面在线调查。调查问题涉及人口统计学、疾病知识和保护措施的有效性、风险感知、社会认知感知（例如态度、社会支持和自我效能感）、习惯、时间因素和信任，以及手部卫生和社交距离行为。使用多元线性回归来确定潜在决定因素与行为的最强关联。
结果
参与者报告了高度的社交距离，88.9%的人对每种活动都回答“大多数”或“总是”，但只有 42.0%的人对所有手部卫生活动都回答“大多数”或“总是”。对每种活动在预防传播方面的有效性的了解程度很高，分别有 90.7%和 93.5%的人正确识别了至少 7 种手部卫生或 9 种社交距离活动。习惯（β=0.39，p=0.001）和时间因素（β=0.28，p=0.001）是手部卫生行为差异的最大贡献者，其次是种族（β=-0.13，p=0.014）和风险感知（β=0.13，p=0.016）。对于社交距离行为，决定因素是自我效能感（β=0.25，p<0.001）、感知优势（β=0.15，p=0.022）、对政策的信任（β=0.14，p=0.026）和性别（β=-0.14，p=0.016）。回归模型解释了 40%的手部卫生和 25%的社交距离差异。
结论
本研究表明，关于手部卫生和社交距离行为有效性的信息交流在获取知识方面是有效的。然而，鉴于 COVID-19 可能出现第二波疫情，为了保持社交距离行为和改善手部卫生行为，可能需要解决更难改变习惯、克服时间因素和建立信任的问题，还需要采取干预措施来提高自我效能感和解决风险感知问题。
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