Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Taiwan City, Taiwan.
Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), 125/1, Darus Salam, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1, Bangladesh.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2021 Mar 1;40(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s41043-021-00226-1.
Globally, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the leading causes of death, both in developed and less economically developed countries (LEDC) including Bangladesh. Diet plays a key role in the pathogenesis processes of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to assess the dietary habit of heart disease cases that had CAD against matched controls.
Complying Helsinki ethical norms, with written consent, this case-control study was performed among 210 subjects: 105 CAD-hospitalized patients (selected from Lab Aid Cardiac and Specialized Hospitals) and 105 healthy subjects from local urban communities having their body mass index (BMI: ranging between ≥18.5 and 27 socio-demographic status, detailed-dietary patterns and blood pressure levels were recorded, anthropometric indices measured, and serum biochemistry (complete lipid profile) tested/analyzed for both the cases and controls. All visually re-checked data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools (t test/conditional-logistic regressions) on SPS/Windows V.21.0.
Almost half (45%) CAD patients had hypertriglyceridemia and higher levels of low-density lipoprotein, significantly higher BMA (p=0.001), waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio in male patients (p=0.005 and p=0.020, respectively) than their peer controls. Serum lipid profiles, sugar concentrations, and blood pressure levels of CAD patients revealed higher levels than clinically defined cut-off values as established risk factors for CAD. Odds ratios (CI 95%) as risk factors for consuming junk food {OR=5.49 (2.25-13.38)}, chicken {OR=4.54 (1.89-10.9) was the most, followed by beef {OR=2.68 (1.19-4.98)}, eggs {OR=2.38 (1.14-10.92)}, fish {OR=2.81 (1.31-6.04)}, and vegetables {0R=.968 (0.510-1.839)}. However, fat-free milk, ghee/butter oil, curd/yogurt, and fruits had lower ORs revealing no or less risks for CAD.
Food habits of CAD patients (with higher BMI level and biochemical indicators of the blood) statistically revealed that consuming junk food, meat, and eggs being riskier, fruits, fat-free milk, yogurt, and vegetable remains have protective effects on CAD.
在全球范围内，冠心病（CAD）仍然是发达国家和包括孟加拉国在内的欠发达国家（LEDC）的主要死亡原因之一。饮食在动脉粥样硬化和冠心病（CAD）的发病机制中起着关键作用。本研究旨在评估患有 CAD 的心脏病病例与匹配对照者的饮食习惯。
根据赫尔辛基伦理规范，在征得书面同意的情况下，在 210 名受试者中进行了这项病例对照研究：105 名 CAD 住院患者（选自 Lab Aid 心脏和专科医院）和 105 名来自当地城市社区的健康受试者，他们的身体质量指数（BMI：在 18.5 至 27 之间）、社会人口统计学状况、详细的饮食模式和血压水平均有记录，测量了人体测量指数，并为病例和对照组检测/分析了血清生化（完整的血脂谱）。使用适当的统计工具（t 检验/条件逻辑回归）对 SPS/Windows V.21.0 上的所有经过重新检查的数据进行分析。
近一半（45%）的 CAD 患者存在高甘油三酯血症和低密度脂蛋白水平升高，男性患者的 BMI（p=0.001）、腰围和腰臀比明显更高（p=0.005 和 p=0.020），与同龄对照组相比。CAD 患者的血清脂质谱、血糖浓度和血压水平均高于临床定义的作为 CAD 确立风险因素的临界值。作为食用垃圾食品的风险因素的优势比（95%CI）{OR=5.49（2.25-13.38）}、鸡肉{OR=4.54（1.89-10.9）最高，其次是牛肉{OR=2.68（1.19-4.98）}、鸡蛋{OR=2.38（1.14-10.92）}、鱼类{OR=2.81（1.31-6.04）}和蔬菜{OR=0.968（0.510-1.839）}。然而，无脂牛奶、酥油/黄油、凝乳/酸奶和水果的 OR 较低，表明它们对 CAD 的风险较低或没有风险。
CAD 患者（BMI 水平较高，血液生化指标较高）的饮食习惯表明，食用垃圾食品、肉类和鸡蛋的风险较高，而水果、无脂牛奶、酸奶和蔬菜对 CAD 具有保护作用。
