Figliozzi Miguel, Unnikrishnan Avinash
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Transportation Technology and People Lab, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751-CEE, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
Transp Res D Transp Environ. 2021 Apr;93:102760. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2021.102760. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
During the COVID-19 lockdowns, home deliveries have changed from being a desirable luxury or comfortable solution to a health-supporting and essential service for many COVID-19 at-risk populations. However, not all households are equal in terms of access to home deliveries. The onset of COVID-19 has brought to light access inequalities that preceded the pandemic and that the COVID-19 lockdown has exacerbated and made visible. The concept of home-based accessibility (HBA) is introduced, and novel research questions are addressed: (i) What type of households had zero home deliveries before COVID-19 lockdown? (ii) How the COVID-19 lockdown affected the type of households that receive home deliveries? and (iii) What are the implications of no access to home delivery services in terms of equity and environmental justice? To answer the first two questions, exploratory and confirmatory models with latent variables are estimated utilizing data collected from an online survey representative of the population in the Portland metropolitan region. Policy and environmental equity implications are discussed using the concept of home-based accessibility (HBA). The results indicate that traditionally underserved populations are less likely to benefit from home-based delivery services and that COVID-19 has worsened home delivery inequalities for underserved populations.
在新冠疫情封锁期间，送货上门服务已从一种令人向往的奢侈享受或便捷解决方案，转变为一项对许多新冠高危人群具有健康支持作用的基本服务。然而，并非所有家庭在获得送货上门服务方面都处于平等地位。新冠疫情的爆发揭示了在大流行之前就已存在的获取不平等现象，而新冠疫情封锁加剧并凸显了这些现象。本文引入了基于家庭的可达性（HBA）概念，并探讨了一些新的研究问题：（i）在新冠疫情封锁之前，哪些类型的家庭没有收到过任何送货上门服务？（ii）新冠疫情封锁如何影响了接收送货上门服务的家庭类型？以及（iii）无法获得送货上门服务在公平性和环境正义方面有哪些影响？为回答前两个问题，利用从波特兰大都市区具有代表性的在线调查中收集的数据，估计了带有潜在变量的探索性和验证性模型。运用基于家庭的可达性（HBA）概念讨论了政策和环境公平问题。结果表明，传统上服务不足的人群从送货上门服务中受益的可能性较小，而且新冠疫情加剧了服务不足人群在送货上门方面的不平等。
