Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, P.O. Box 47, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, Campus Kulmbach, University of Bayreuth, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany.
Nutrients. 2021 Feb 26;13(3):755. doi: 10.3390/nu13030755.
Although most people are aware of the health benefits of consuming sufficient amounts of fruit and vegetables, many do not adhere to current dietary recommendations. Recent studies have suggested meal colour variety as an intuitive cue for healthy and enjoyable lunch meal choices. The present study extends this research by testing the "colourful = healthy" association across meal types. Using smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment, 110 participants recorded 2818 eating occasions over a period of eight days. For each eating occasion, a picture, a short written description of the meal, the meal type (breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, dinner, snack) and the perceived meal colour variety were recorded. Foods were classified into seven food groups based on the pictures and descriptions. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling. For all meal types except afternoon tea which did not include vegetables, perceived that meal colour variety was positively related to vegetable consumption (s ≥ 0.001, s ≥ 3.27, s ≤ 0.002, quasi-Rs ≥ 0.06). Moreover, perceived meal colour variety was negatively associated with sweets consumption for breakfast, dinner and snacks (s ≤ -0.001, s ≤ -2.82, s ≤ 0.006, quasi-Rs ≥ 0.01). The "colourful = healthy" association can be generalized across meal types and thus may be a promising strategy to promote a healthier diet.
尽管大多数人都知道摄入足够量的水果和蔬菜对健康有益，但许多人并不遵守当前的饮食建议。最近的研究表明，餐食颜色的多样性是选择健康且令人愉悦的午餐的直观提示。本研究通过测试不同餐型的“颜色丰富=健康”关联，扩展了这一研究。研究使用基于智能手机的生态瞬时评估，110 名参与者在八天的时间内记录了 2818 次进食情况。对于每一次进食，参与者都要拍摄一张照片，简短描述一下这顿饭，记录餐型（早餐、午餐、下午茶、晚餐、零食）以及感知到的餐食颜色多样性。根据照片和描述，将食物分为七类食物组。使用多层次模型对数据进行分析。除了不包括蔬菜的下午茶之外，对于所有其他餐型，参与者感知到的餐食颜色多样性与蔬菜摄入量呈正相关（s ≥ 0.001，s ≥ 3.27，s ≤ 0.002，准 R ² ≥ 0.06）。此外，参与者感知到的餐食颜色多样性与早餐、晚餐和零食中的甜食摄入量呈负相关（s ≤ -0.001，s ≤ -2.82，s ≤ 0.006，准 R ² ≥ 0.01）。“颜色丰富=健康”的关联可以推广到不同的餐型，因此，这可能是促进更健康饮食的一种有前途的策略。
