Department of Psychology, 14847Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2022 Oct;23(4):1330-1343. doi: 10.1177/1524838021995975. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
A growing number of large-scale studies suggest that people with disabilities are at greater risk of sexual victimization than nondisabled individuals. However, certain results are inconsistent and whether potential moderators explain this variability in previous findings remain to be considered. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of the difference in risk of being sexually victimized based on the presence of a disability. An additional objective was to evaluate the relative influence of gender, age, type of disability, type of sexual violence, and relationship with the perpetrator on the association between the presence of a disability and sexual victimization. Studies were searched using pertinent databases and retained if they included a group with a disability, provided data that quantify the occurrence of abuse, indicated the type of sexual violence, and was published between 1970 and 2018 in French or English. A total of 68 studies, allowing 84 independent samples and 12,427 participants, were included. Individuals with disabilities were at significantly higher risk of sexual victimization than persons without disabilities (odds ratio = 2.27). The risk of sexual victimization among individuals with a disability was significantly higher in adult participants compared with the risk in minor participants. Sensory impairment was the type of disability associated with the highest risk of sexual victimization. Odds of sexual victimization among individuals with a disability were significantly higher in African countries compared with all others, and odds in Western Europe were significantly lower than in the United States. No significant differences emerged across eras.
越来越多的大规模研究表明，残疾人士比非残疾人士更容易遭受性侵犯。然而，某些结果不一致，以前的研究结果中是否存在潜在的调节因素来解释这种变异性仍有待考虑。本荟萃分析旨在确定残疾状况对性侵犯风险差异的幅度。另一个目的是评估性别、年龄、残疾类型、性暴力类型以及与施害者的关系对残疾与性侵犯之间关联的相对影响。使用相关数据库进行研究搜索，如果研究包括残疾人群体，提供量化虐待发生情况的数据，表明性暴力类型，并且在 1970 年至 2018 年间用法语或英语发表，则将其保留。共有 68 项研究，允许 84 个独立样本和 12427 名参与者被纳入。与非残疾人士相比，残疾人士遭受性侵犯的风险明显更高（优势比=2.27）。与未成年参与者相比，成年参与者的残疾人士性侵犯风险更高。感官障碍是与性侵犯风险最高相关的残疾类型。与其他所有国家相比，残疾人士遭受性侵犯的几率在非洲国家更高，而与美国相比，西欧的几率明显更低。不同时代之间没有出现显著差异。
