Cardoso Jorge, Sousa Sara C, Almeida Telma C
Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Caparica, Portugal.
CiiEM - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, IUEM, Caparica, Portugal.
J Child Adolesc Trauma. 2025 Jan 3;18(2):409-422. doi: 10.1007/s40653-024-00679-6. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Previous research has shown that children and youth with disabilities have a higher risk of being victims of sexual violence than their peers without disabilities. However, robust evidence on sexual victimization processes remains scarce and often plagued by inconsistent findings. This review aimed to synthesize research on sexual violence of children and youth with disabilities, namely the rates of sexual violence, risk factors, and characteristics of victims, environment, and perpetrators. A systematic search was conducted using the EBSCO, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Sage databases. Twelve studies were included for review using PRISMA guidelines. Findings from this systematic review clearly showed that sexual violence is a serious problem for children and youth with disabilities and a widespread public health concern, particularly young girls and those with intellectual disabilities. Social isolation, care needs, dependence on others, environments with restrictive routines, relational inequalities, and belonging to a family with adverse or dysfunctional characteristics were the main risk factors highlighted by the studies reviewed. This review suggested that perpetrators of sexual violence are mostly male, namely professional caregivers, teachers, peers, and family members, with a great heterogeneity regarding the types of abusive behaviors and settings where they occur. To improve prevention and intervention strategies in the field of sexual violence against children and youth with disabilities, more research is needed, particularly on risk and protective factors, as well as on predictors of potential victimization.
先前的研究表明，残疾儿童和青少年遭受性暴力侵害的风险高于其非残疾同龄人。然而，关于性侵害过程的有力证据仍然匮乏，且常常受到不一致研究结果的困扰。本综述旨在综合有关残疾儿童和青少年性暴力的研究，即性暴力发生率、风险因素以及受害者、环境和施暴者的特征。使用EBSCO、科学网、PubMed、PsycInfo和Sage数据库进行了系统检索。根据PRISMA指南纳入了12项研究进行综述。该系统综述的结果清楚地表明，性暴力对于残疾儿童和青少年而言是一个严重问题，也是一个广泛的公共卫生问题，尤其是对年轻女孩和智障儿童而言。社会隔离、护理需求、对他人的依赖、日常活动受限的环境、关系不平等以及属于具有不良或功能失调特征的家庭是所综述研究中突出的主要风险因素。该综述表明，性暴力的施暴者大多为男性，即专业护理人员、教师、同龄人及家庭成员，在虐待行为类型及其发生环境方面存在很大的异质性。为改进针对残疾儿童和青少年性暴力领域的预防和干预策略，需要开展更多研究，尤其是关于风险和保护因素以及潜在受害预测因素的研究。
