Xing Liying, Li Ru, Zhang Suli, Li Dan, Dong Baojing, Zhou Hong, Jing Li, Tian Yuanmeng, Liu Shuang
Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China.
Front Neurol. 2021 Feb 15;12:597992. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.597992. eCollection 2021.
Carotid atherosclerosis is a known marker of increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to assess the current epidemiology of carotid atherosclerosis, carotid plaque and related risk factors in rural northeast China. The population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in 5,838 adults aged ≥40 years residing in rural northeast China in 2017-2018. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the representative sample. Carotid atherosclerosis was defined as carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) ≥1.0 mm or presence of plaque. The mean CIMT was 0.72 ± 0.13 mm and increased with age in this population. Among 2,457 individuals with carotid atherosclerosis, 2,333 were diagnosed with carotid plaque, and 210 individuals were moderate or severe carotid stenosis. Crude prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and plaque were 42.1 and 40.0%, significantly higher in men than in women ( < 0.001). The age-standardized prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and carotid plaque were 33.1 and 31.5%, respectively. Advancing age, men, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, ever-smoking and lack of exercise were risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis. Hypertension (69.1%), dyslipidemia (26.0%) and diabetes (16.1%) were highly prevalent in participants with carotid atherosclerosis. However, the control rates of those comorbidities were frustratingly low (4.7, 8.2, and 14.2%, respectively). The high prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis, carotid plaque, carotid stenosis and uncontrolled risk factors indicated the high burden of cardiovascular disease in rural northeast China, particularly in men. Strategies of prevention and management of atherosclerosis and related risk factors were urgently needed in rural northeast China.
颈动脉粥样硬化是心血管风险增加的一个已知标志物。我们旨在评估中国东北农村地区颈动脉粥样硬化、颈动脉斑块及相关危险因素的当前流行病学情况。这项基于人群的横断面研究于2017 - 2018年在中国东北农村地区的5838名年龄≥40岁的成年人中进行。采用多阶段整群抽样方法选取代表性样本。颈动脉粥样硬化定义为颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）≥1.0毫米或存在斑块。该人群的平均CIMT为0.72±0.13毫米，并随年龄增长而增加。在2457例患有颈动脉粥样硬化的个体中，2333例被诊断为颈动脉斑块，210例为中度或重度颈动脉狭窄。颈动脉粥样硬化和斑块的粗患病率分别为42.1%和40.0%，男性显著高于女性（<0.001）。颈动脉粥样硬化和颈动脉斑块的年龄标准化患病率分别为33.1%和31.5%。年龄增长、男性、高血压、糖尿病、当前吸烟、曾经吸烟和缺乏运动是颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。高血压（69.1%）、血脂异常（26.0%）和糖尿病（16.1%）在患有颈动脉粥样硬化的参与者中高度流行。然而，这些合并症的控制率低得令人沮丧（分别为4.7%、8.2%和14.2%）。颈动脉粥样硬化、颈动脉斑块、颈动脉狭窄的高患病率以及未得到控制的危险因素表明中国东北农村地区心血管疾病负担沉重，尤其是在男性中。中国东北农村地区迫切需要针对动脉粥样硬化及相关危险因素的预防和管理策略。
