Yuenyong Jitkunya, Pokkanta Piramon, Phuangsaijai Nutthatida, Kittiwachana Sila, Mahatheeranont Sugunya, Sookwong Phumon
Rice and Cereal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Master's Degree Program in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Heliyon. 2021 Feb 20;7(2):e06304. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06304. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Cold-pressed oil is one of the healthiest plant extracts, but its use is limited only in some kinds of plants. Therefore, we aimed to investigate some potential cold-pressed oils with attractive fatty acid profiles and high amounts of functional phytochemicals. Fifty cold-pressed plant oils were prepared from various plant materials in Thailand, in which some of them were from uncommon or unattended plant materials. The oils included were nut oils (n = 9), pseudo-cereal oils (n = 9), legume oils (n = 3), amaranth oils (n = 3), marrow seed oils (n = 8), cruciferous seed oils (n = 7), and leafy green seed oils (n = 11). Gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) were employed to analyze fatty acid profile and five functional phytochemicals (e.g., phytosterols, cholecalciferol, and squalene). Saturated fatty acids were detected around 7.87-36.04%, monounsaturated fatty acids 10.17-80.25%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids nondetectable (ND)-78.25%, phytosterols 663-15123 μg g, squalene 265-5979 μg g, and cholecalciferol ND-1287.75 μg g. The study showed chemical characteristic of the analyzed oils: some contained good fatty acid composition and some were rich in functional phytochemical content. Among the obtained oils, marrow seed oils are a good source of phytosterol, cholecalciferol, and linoleic acid. Pseudo-cereal oils are rich in squalene and linolenic acid. Legume oils are rich in phytosterols and oleic acid. Besides, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the significance of oils that share compositional similarity (e.g., the samples from pseudo-cereal oil were found on the lower side of the PCA space, which separated them from marrow and leafy green seed oils distributed on the upper part of the plot). In summary, the qualitative and quantitative data would provide a good foundation for further application or selection of those plant oils for health purposes.
冷榨油是最健康的植物提取物之一，但它仅在某些种类的植物中使用。因此，我们旨在研究一些具有吸引人的脂肪酸谱和大量功能性植物化学物质的潜在冷榨油。从泰国的各种植物材料中制备了50种冷榨植物油，其中一些来自不常见或未被关注的植物材料。所包括的油有坚果油（n = 9）、伪谷物油（n = 9）、豆类油（n = 3）、苋菜油（n = 3）、骨髓籽油（n = 8）、十字花科种子油（n = 7）和绿叶种子油（n = 11）。采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）和配备二极管阵列检测器的高效液相色谱（HPLC - DAD）来分析脂肪酸谱和五种功能性植物化学物质（如植物甾醇、胆钙化醇和角鲨烯）。检测到饱和脂肪酸含量在7.87 - 36.04%左右，单不饱和脂肪酸含量在10.17 - 80.25%，多不饱和脂肪酸未检测到（ND） - 78.25%，植物甾醇含量为663 - 15123 μg/g，角鲨烯含量为265 - 5979 μg/g，胆钙化醇含量为ND - 1287.75 μg/g。该研究展示了所分析油的化学特性：一些含有良好的脂肪酸组成，一些富含功能性植物化学物质。在所获得的油中，骨髓籽油是植物甾醇、胆钙化醇和亚油酸的良好来源。伪谷物油富含角鲨烯和亚麻酸。豆类油富含植物甾醇和油酸。此外，应用主成分分析（PCA）来确定具有相似成分的油的重要性（例如，伪谷物油的样品位于PCA空间的下方，这将它们与分布在图上部的骨髓籽油和绿叶种子油区分开来）。总之，定性和定量数据将为进一步将这些植物油用于健康目的的应用或选择提供良好的基础。
