非编码RNA在人类疾病发生发展中的意义
The Implications of ncRNAs in the Development of Human Diseases.
作者信息
López-Jiménez Elena, Andrés-León Eduardo
机构信息
Centre for Haematology, Immunology and Inflammation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
Unidad de Bioinformática, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18016 Granada, Spain.
出版信息
Noncoding RNA. 2021 Feb 24;7(1):17. doi: 10.3390/ncrna7010017.
The mammalian genome comprehends a small minority of genes that encode for proteins (barely 2% of the total genome in humans) and an immense majority of genes that are transcribed into RNA but not encoded for proteins (ncRNAs). These non-coding genes are intimately related to the expression regulation of protein-coding genes. The ncRNAs subtypes differ in their size, so there are long non-coding genes (lncRNAs) and other smaller ones, like microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Due to their important role in the maintenance of cellular functioning, any deregulation of the expression profiles of these ncRNAs can dissemble in the development of different types of diseases. Among them, we can highlight some of high incidence in the population, such as cancer, neurodegenerative, or cardiovascular disorders. In addition, thanks to the enormous advances in the field of medical genomics, these same ncRNAs are starting to be used as possible drugs, approved by the FDA, as an effective treatment for diseases.
哺乳动物基因组包含一小部分编码蛋白质的基因（在人类中仅占基因组总数的2%）和绝大多数转录为RNA但不编码蛋白质的基因（非编码RNA）。这些非编码基因与蛋白质编码基因的表达调控密切相关。非编码RNA亚型的大小不同，因此有长链非编码基因（lncRNA）和其他较小的基因，如微小RNA（miRNA）和与Piwi蛋白相互作用的RNA（piRNA）。由于它们在维持细胞功能方面的重要作用，这些非编码RNA表达谱的任何失调都可能在不同类型疾病的发展中表现出来。其中，我们可以突出一些在人群中发病率较高的疾病，如癌症、神经退行性疾病或心血管疾病。此外，由于医学基因组学领域的巨大进展，这些相同的非编码RNA开始被用作可能的药物，已获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）的批准，作为疾病的有效治疗方法。
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