Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 16;22(4):1942. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041942.
The use of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) has expanded into various industries including food manufacturing, agriculture, cosmetics, and construction. This has allowed NPs access to the human gastrointestinal tract, yet little is known about how they may impact human health. As the gut microbiome continues to be increasingly implicated in various diseases of unknown etiology, researchers have begun studying the potentially toxic effects of these NPs on the gut microbiome. Unfortunately, conflicting results have limited researcher's ability to evaluate the true impact of NPs on the gut microbiome in relation to health. This review focuses on the impact of five inorganic NPs (silver, iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and silicon dioxide) on the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal tract with consideration for various methodological differences within the literature. This is important as NP-induced changes to the gut could lead to various gut-related diseases. These include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and colorectal cancer. Research in this area is necessary as the use of NPs in various industries continues to grow along with the number of people suffering from chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
无机纳米粒子（NPs）的应用已经扩展到包括食品制造、农业、化妆品和建筑在内的各个行业。这使得 NPs 能够进入人类胃肠道，但人们对它们可能如何影响人类健康知之甚少。由于肠道微生物组在各种病因不明的疾病中继续被越来越多地涉及，研究人员已经开始研究这些 NPs 对肠道微生物组的潜在毒性影响。不幸的是，相互矛盾的结果限制了研究人员评估 NPs 对肠道微生物组与健康相关的真正影响的能力。本综述重点讨论了五种无机 NPs（银、氧化铁、氧化锌、二氧化钛和二氧化硅）对肠道微生物组和胃肠道的影响，并考虑了文献中各种方法学差异。这很重要，因为 NP 引起的肠道变化可能导致各种与肠道相关的疾病。这些疾病包括肠易激综合征（IBS）、炎症性肠病（IBD）、乳糜泻和结直肠癌。随着 NPs 在各个行业的应用不断增加，以及患有慢性胃肠道疾病的人数不断增加，该领域的研究是必要的。
