Traversi Deborah, Pulliero Alessandra, Izzotti Alberto, Franchitti Elena, Iacoviello Licia, Gianfagna Francesco, Gialluisi Alessandro, Izzi Benedetta, Agodi Antonella, Barchitta Martina, Calabrò Giovanna Elisa, Hoxhaj Ilda, Sassano Michele, Sbrogiò Luca Gino, Del Sole Annamaria, Marchiori Francesco, Pitini Erica, Migliara Giuseppe, Marzuillo Carolina, De Vito Corrado, Tamburro Manuela, Sammarco Michela Lucia, Ripabelli Giancarlo, Villari Paolo, Boccia Stefania
Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy.
Department of Health Sciences School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy.
J Pers Med. 2021 Feb 16;11(2):135. doi: 10.3390/jpm11020135.
The development of high-throughput omics technologies represents an unmissable opportunity for evidence-based prevention of adverse effects on human health. However, the applicability and access to multi-omics tests are limited. In Italy, this is due to the rapid increase of knowledge and the high levels of skill and economic investment initially necessary. The fields of human genetics and public health have highlighted the relevance of an implementation strategy at a national level in Italy, including integration in sanitary regulations and governance instruments. In this review, the emerging field of public health genomics is discussed, including the polygenic scores approach, epigenetic modulation, nutrigenomics, and microbiomes implications. Moreover, the Italian state of implementation is presented. The omics sciences have important implications for the prevention of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases, especially because they can be used to assess the health status during the whole course of life. An effective population health gain is possible if omics tools are implemented for each person after a preliminary assessment of effectiveness in the medium to long term.
高通量组学技术的发展为基于证据预防对人类健康的不利影响提供了不可错过的机遇。然而，多组学检测的适用性和可及性有限。在意大利，这是由于知识的快速增长以及最初所需的高水平技能和经济投入。人类遗传学和公共卫生领域凸显了意大利在国家层面实施战略的相关性，包括纳入卫生法规和治理工具。在本综述中，讨论了公共卫生基因组学这一新兴领域，包括多基因评分方法、表观遗传调控、营养基因组学和微生物组的影响。此外，还介绍了意大利的实施情况。组学科学对预防传染病和非传染病具有重要意义，特别是因为它们可用于评估整个生命过程中的健康状况。如果在对中长期有效性进行初步评估后为每个人实施组学工具，就有可能实现有效的人群健康收益。
