Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
Viruses. 2021 Feb 18;13(2):314. doi: 10.3390/v13020314.
In 2016, the order was established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) to incorporate the increasing number of related viruses across 13 viral families. While diverse, four of the families () contain known human pathogens and share a similar tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genomic organization. In addition to the nucleoprotein and envelope glycoproteins encoded by the small and medium segments, respectively, many of the viruses in these families also encode for non-structural (NS) NSs and NSm proteins. The NSs of is the most extensively studied as a host interferon antagonist, functioning through a variety of mechanisms seen throughout the other three families. In addition, functions impacting cellular apoptosis, chromatin organization, and transcriptional activities, to name a few, are possessed by NSs across the families. , , and also encode an NSm, although less extensively studied than NSs, that has roles in antagonizing immune responses, promoting viral assembly and infectivity, and even maintenance of infection in host mosquito vectors. Overall, the similar and divergent roles of NS proteins of these human pathogenic are of particular interest in understanding disease progression, viral pathogenesis, and developing strategies for interventions and treatments.
2016 年，国际病毒分类委员会（ICTV）为了将越来越多的相关病毒纳入 13 个病毒科而设立了这个分类。尽管多样化，其中四个科（）包含已知的人类病原体，并具有相似的三片段、负义 RNA 基因组结构。除了小分子和中分子片段分别编码的核蛋白和包膜糖蛋白外，这些科中的许多病毒还编码非结构（NS）NSs 和 NSm 蛋白。作为宿主干扰素拮抗剂，研究最多的是，通过在其他三个科中看到的各种机制发挥作用。此外，还具有影响细胞凋亡、染色质组织和转录活性等功能，仅举几例，NSs 在整个科中都具有这些功能。 、 和 也编码 NSm，尽管研究不如 NSs 广泛，但在拮抗免疫反应、促进病毒组装和感染性以及甚至在宿主蚊媒中维持感染方面具有作用。总的来说，这些具有人类致病性的 NS 蛋白的相似和不同作用在理解疾病进展、病毒发病机制以及开发干预和治疗策略方面特别有趣。
