Department of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 23;22(4):2218. doi: 10.3390/ijms22042218.
Mushroom poisoning has always been a threat to human health. There are a large number of reports about ingestion of poisonous mushrooms every year around the world. It attracts the attention of researchers, especially in the aspects of toxin composition, toxic mechanism and toxin application in poisonous mushroom. is a large genus of mushrooms and contains toxic substances including muscarine, psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, lectins and baeocystin. In order to prevent and remedy mushroom poisoning, it is significant to clarify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these bioactive substances. In this review article, we summarize the chemistry, most known toxic effects and mechanisms of major toxic substances in mushrooms, especially muscarine, psilocybin and psilocin. Their available toxicity data (different species, different administration routes) published formerly are also summarized. In addition, the treatment and medical application of these toxic substances in mushrooms are also discussed. We hope that this review will help understanding of the chemistry and toxicology of mushrooms as well as the potential clinical application of its bioactive substances to benefit human beings.
蕈类中毒一直威胁着人类健康。每年在世界各地都有大量关于食用毒蕈的报告。这引起了研究人员的关注，特别是在蕈类毒素组成、毒性机制和毒素应用方面。鹅膏菌属是一个大型蕈类属，包含毒蕈碱、赛洛西宾、赛洛新、蝇蕈素、凝集素和鹅膏蕈氨酸等有毒物质。为了预防和治疗蕈类中毒，阐明这些生物活性物质的毒性作用和机制具有重要意义。在这篇综述文章中，我们总结了鹅膏菌属中主要有毒物质（毒蕈碱、赛洛西宾和赛洛新）的化学、最常见的毒性作用和机制。我们还总结了以前发表的关于这些有毒物质（不同物种、不同给药途径）的毒性数据。此外，还讨论了这些毒蕈中有毒物质的治疗和医学应用。我们希望这篇综述能帮助人们了解鹅膏菌属的化学和毒理学，以及其生物活性物质在临床上的潜在应用，造福人类。
