Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 20;18(4):2061. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18042061.
Excessive body mass is a health problem among children and adolescents that contributes to the occurrence of lipid disorders and abnormal blood pressure. Effective treatment of excessive body mass in children is essential for the health of population in the future. The aim of the study was to identify universal components of lifestyle interventions in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity leading to weight loss and improvement of selected cardiometabolic parameters. The review included studies from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases published in 2010-2019, which were analyzed for eligibility criteria including age of the participants, BMI defined as overweight or obese, nutritional intervention and the assessment of BMI and/or BMI z-score and at least one lipid profile parameter. Eighteen studies were included in the review, presenting the results of 23 intervention programs in which a total of 1587 children and adolescents participated. All interventions, except one, were multi-component. Data analysis suggests a relationship between a decrease in BMI and/or BMI z-score with diet and physical activity, the involvement of a dietician/nutrition specialist and physician in the treatment team and a longer duration of intervention. Moreover, it seems that a decrease in BMI is mostly associated with decreases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure. No change in BMI and/or BMI z-score is associated with no change in blood pressure. Our data can be used by public health authorities to design effective weight loss programs for children and adolescents.
超重是儿童和青少年的健康问题，会导致脂质紊乱和血压异常。有效治疗儿童超重对于未来人口健康至关重要。本研究旨在确定针对超重或肥胖儿童和青少年的生活方式干预的通用组成部分，以实现体重减轻和改善选定的心血管代谢参数。综述包括 2010 年至 2019 年在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库发表的研究，分析的入选标准包括参与者的年龄、BMI 定义为超重或肥胖、营养干预以及 BMI 和/或 BMI z 评分的评估和至少一个血脂参数。综述纳入了 18 项研究，介绍了 23 项干预计划的结果，共有 1587 名儿童和青少年参与了这些计划。除了一项干预外，所有干预措施都是多组分的。数据分析表明，BMI 和/或 BMI z 评分的降低与饮食和体力活动有关，营养师/营养专家和医生参与治疗团队以及干预时间更长与 BMI 和/或 BMI z 评分的降低有关。此外，BMI 的降低似乎主要与总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血压的降低有关。BMI 和/或 BMI z 评分无变化与血压无变化有关。我们的数据可用于公共卫生当局为儿童和青少年设计有效的减肥计划。
