认知偏差中个体差异的测量：综述与改进
The Measurement of Individual Differences in Cognitive Biases: A Review and Improvement.
作者信息
Berthet Vincent
机构信息
Université de Lorraine, 2LPN, F-54000 Nancy, France.
Centre d'Économie de la Sorbonne, CNRS UMR 8174, Paris, France.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2021 Feb 18;12:630177. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630177. eCollection 2021.
Abstract
Individual differences have been neglected in decision-making research on heuristics and cognitive biases. Addressing that issue requires having reliable measures. The author first reviewed the research on the measurement of individual differences in cognitive biases. While reliable measures of a dozen biases are currently available, our review revealed that some measures require improvement and measures of other key biases are still lacking (e.g., confirmation bias). We then conducted empirical work showing that adjustments produced a significant improvement of some measures and that confirmation bias can be reliably measured. Overall, our review and findings highlight that the measurement of individual differences in cognitive biases is still in its infancy. In particular, we suggest that contextualized (in addition to generic) measures need to be improved or developed.
摘要
在关于启发式和认知偏差的决策研究中，个体差异一直被忽视。解决这个问题需要有可靠的测量方法。作者首先回顾了关于认知偏差中个体差异测量的研究。虽然目前已有十几种偏差的可靠测量方法，但我们的综述表明，一些测量方法需要改进，而其他关键偏差的测量方法仍然缺乏（例如，证实性偏差）。然后我们进行了实证研究，结果表明调整显著改善了一些测量方法，并且证实性偏差可以得到可靠测量。总体而言，我们的综述和研究结果凸显出认知偏差中个体差异的测量仍处于起步阶段。特别是，我们建议情境化（除通用测量外）测量方法需要改进或开发。
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