Cartwright Ashley, Donkin Rebecca
Behavioural Sciences, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychology, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom.
Eur J Psychol. 2020 Mar 3;16(1):32-44. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v16i1.1730. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Malingering mental disorder for financial compensation can offer substantial rewards to those willing to do so. A recent review of UK medico-legal experts' practices for detecting claimants evidenced that they are not well equipped to detect those that do. This is not surprising, considering that very little is known regarding why individuals opt to malinger. A potential construct which may influence an individual's choice to malinger is their knowledge of the disorder, and when one considers the high levels of depression literacy within the UK, it is imperative that this hypothesis is investigated. A brief depression knowledge scale was devised and administered to undergraduate students (N = 155) alongside a series of questions exploring how likely participants were to malinger in both workplace stress and claiming for benefit vignettes. Depression knowledge did not affect the likelihood of engaging in any malingering strategy in either the workplace stress vignettes or the benefit claimant vignettes. Differences were found between the two vignettes providing evidence for the context-specific nature of malingering, and an individual's previous mental disorder was also influential.
为获取经济补偿而诈病的精神障碍行为会给愿意这么做的人带来丰厚回报。最近一项针对英国医学法律专家检测索赔者的做法的综述表明，他们在识别诈病者方面能力欠佳。考虑到对于个人为何选择诈病知之甚少，这并不令人意外。一个可能影响个人诈病选择的潜在因素是他们对这种疾病的了解，鉴于英国民众对抑郁症的认知水平较高，对这一假设进行调查势在必行。设计了一个简短的抑郁症知识量表，并对本科生（N = 155）进行施测，同时还设置了一系列问题，探究参与者在工作场所压力情境和申领福利情境中诈病的可能性。抑郁症知识在工作场所压力情境或福利申领者情境中均未影响采取任何诈病策略的可能性。在这两种情境之间发现了差异，这为诈病的情境特异性提供了证据，而且个人既往的精神障碍也有影响。
