Middlebrook India, Peacock Joe, Tinnion Daniel J, Leach Nicholas K, Hilton Nathan P, Saunders Bryan, Sparks S Andy, Mc Naughton Lars R
Sports Nutrition and Performance Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom.
Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Nutr. 2021 Feb 19;8:634465. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.634465. eCollection 2021.
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) is a well-established nutritional ergogenic aid that is typically ingested as a beverage or consumed in gelatine capsules. While capsules may delay the release of NaHCO and reduce gastrointestinal (GI) side effects compared with a beverage, it is currently unclear whether the capsule size may influence acid-base responses and GI symptoms following supplementation. This study aims to determine the effects of NaHCO supplementation, administered in capsules of different sizes, on acid-base responses, GI symptoms, and palatability. Ten healthy male subjects (mean ± SD: age 20 ± 2 years; height 1.80 ± 0.09 m; weight 78.0 ± 11.9 kg) underwent three testing sessions whereby 0.3 g NaHCO/kg of body mass was consumed in either small (size 3), medium (size 0), or large (size 000) capsules. Capillary blood samples were procured pre-ingestion and every 10 min post-ingestion for 180 min. Blood samples were analyzed using a radiometer (Radiometer ABL800, Denmark) to determine blood bicarbonate concentration ([ ]) and potential hydrogen (pH). GI symptoms were measured using a questionnaire at the same timepoints, whereas palatability was recorded pre-consumption. Capsule size had a significant effect on lag time (the time [ ] changed, ) and the timing of peak blood [ ] ( ). Bicarbonate was significantly higher in the large-sized (28 ± 4 min) compared with the small-sized (13 ± 2 min) capsules ( = 0.009). Similarly, was significantly lower in the small capsule (94 ± 24 min) compared with both the medium-sized (141 ± 27 min; < 0.001) and the large-sized (121 ± 29 min; < 0.001) capsules. The GI symptom scores were similar for small-sized (3 ± 3 AU), medium-sized (5 ± 3 AU), and large-sized (3 ± 3 AU) capsules, with no significant difference between symptom scores ( = 1.3, = 0.310). Similarly, capsule size had no effect on palatability ( = 0.8, = 0.409), with similar scores between different capsule sizes. Small capsule sizes led to quicker and of blood [ ] concentration compared to medium and large capsules, suggesting that individuals could supplement NaHCO in smaller capsules if they aim to increase extracellular buffering capacity more quickly.
碳酸氢钠（NaHCO₃）是一种公认的营养性促力剂，通常以饮料形式摄入或装在明胶胶囊中服用。虽然与饮料相比，胶囊可能会延迟NaHCO₃的释放并减少胃肠道（GI）副作用，但目前尚不清楚胶囊大小是否会影响补充后的酸碱反应和GI症状。本研究旨在确定不同大小胶囊中补充NaHCO₃对酸碱反应、GI症状和适口性的影响。10名健康男性受试者（平均±标准差：年龄20±2岁；身高1.80±0.09米；体重78.0±11.9千克）进行了三次测试，分别服用小（3号）、中（0号）或大（000号）胶囊，每千克体重摄入0.3克NaHCO₃。在摄入前和摄入后每10分钟采集一次毛细血管血样，共采集180分钟。使用辐射计（丹麦Radiometer ABL800）分析血样，以确定血液碳酸氢盐浓度（[HCO₃⁻]）和酸碱度（pH）。在相同时间点使用问卷测量GI症状，在食用前记录适口性。胶囊大小对滞后时间（[HCO₃⁻]变化的时间，tlag）和血液[HCO₃⁻]峰值出现的时间（tpeak）有显著影响。与小胶囊（13±2分钟）相比，大胶囊（28±4分钟）的[HCO₃⁻]显著更高（P = 0.009）。同样，与中胶囊（141±27分钟；P < 0.001）和大胶囊（121±29分钟；P < 0.001）相比，小胶囊中的tpeak显著更低（94±24分钟）。小胶囊（3±3任意单位）、中胶囊（5±3任意单位）和大胶囊（3±3任意单位）的GI症状评分相似，症状评分之间无显著差异（P = 1.3，P = 0.310）。同样，胶囊大小对适口性无影响（P = 0.8，P = 0.409），不同大小胶囊的评分相似。与中、大胶囊相比，小胶囊导致血液[HCO₃⁻]浓度的tlag和tpeak更快，这表明如果个体旨在更快地增加细胞外缓冲能力，可以在较小的胶囊中补充NaHCO₃。
