Kuritz S J, Landis J R
Hoechst Celanese Specialties Groups, Chatham, NJ 07928.
Stat Med. 1988 Apr;7(4):507-17. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780070407.
We propose an alternative method to obtain summary estimators, variances and confidence intervals for attributable risk measures. This method combines weighted exposure prevalences for cases and controls across strata formed by the cross-classification of relevant covariates to form estimates of attributable risk among the exposed and attributable risk in the target population. The major benefit of this approach over those previously proposed in the literature is that it operates on data summed across strata rather than on estimation of statistics within each stratum. This alternative method for attributable risk measures utilizes the Mantel-Haenszel estimate of an average odds ratio, and can be implemented using the matrix procedure in SAS. This method is appropriate even when the within-stratum sample sizes are too small for other methods to be valid. Simulation results indicate that this method is superior to others with respect to bias and coverage probability for confidence intervals.
我们提出了一种替代方法，用于获得归因风险度量的汇总估计量、方差和置信区间。该方法结合了由相关协变量交叉分类形成的各层中病例和对照的加权暴露患病率，以形成暴露人群中归因风险和目标人群中归因风险的估计值。与文献中先前提出的方法相比，这种方法的主要优点是它基于各层汇总的数据进行操作，而不是基于每层内统计量的估计。这种归因风险度量的替代方法利用了平均比值比的Mantel-Haenszel估计，可以使用SAS中的矩阵程序来实现。即使层内样本量过小以至于其他方法无效，这种方法也是适用的。模拟结果表明，在偏差和置信区间的覆盖概率方面，该方法优于其他方法。
