Greenland S
Stat Med. 1982 Jul-Sep;1(3):217-27. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780010304.
Of the several types of summary odds ratios in use in epidemiology, only those proposed by Mantel and Haenszel and Miettinen do not assume homogeneity (constancy) of stratum-specific parameters. Under heterogeneity, Miettinen's estimators consistently estimate meaningful epidemiologic parameters, whereas the asymptotic expectation of the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio varies according to irrelevant features of the sampling design. Although one can modify the Mantel-Haenszel summary to overcome the latter problem, one can also extend the Miettinen estimators to sparse data and thus limit the use of Mantel-Haenszel summaries to situations in which the homogeneity hypothesis is reasonable. This paper provides formulae for the extended Miettinen estimators and large-sample variances and confidence limits for summary ratios under heterogeneity.
在流行病学中使用的几种类型的汇总比值比中，只有Mantel和Haenszel以及Miettinen提出的那些不假定层特异性参数的同质性（恒定性）。在异质性情况下，Miettinen的估计量始终能估计有意义的流行病学参数，而Mantel-Haenszel比值比的渐近期望则根据抽样设计的无关特征而变化。虽然可以修改Mantel-Haenszel汇总以克服后一个问题，但也可以将Miettinen估计量扩展到稀疏数据，从而将Mantel-Haenszel汇总的使用限制在同质性假设合理的情况下。本文提供了扩展的Miettinen估计量的公式以及异质性下汇总比值比的大样本方差和置信限。
