Geraldi Matheus Soares, Bavaresco Mateus V, Triana Maria Andrea, Melo Ana Paula, Lamberts Roberto
Laboratory of Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Sustain Cities Soc. 2021 Jun;69:102823. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.102823. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
COVID-19 has spread quickly to several countries following the initial outbreak of the disease. As a consequence, several measures have been taken to mitigate the virus spread worldwide. In the city of Florianópolis, in southern Brazil, a strict lockdown was implemented on 16 March 2020. Although commercial activities were allowed to resume 21 April, a complete lockdown of municipal public buildings (e.g., administrative buildings and schools) lasted up to 5 August 2020. Reports in the literature emphasize the influence of occupant presence and actions on energy use in buildings. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the electric energy use of municipal buildings in Florianópolis. A large database with monthly electric energy use data was provided by the City Hall and analyzed. Firstly, the consumer units were grouped into three categories: systems, services and buildings. This revealed that buildings were directly affected by the lockdown measures, but systems and services were not. Therefore, an in-depth evaluation of health centers, administrative buildings, elementary schools and nursery schools was conducted and mean electric energy reductions of 11.1 %, 38.6 %, 50.3 %, and 50.4 %, respectively, were observed. Although it may initially seem unexpected, municipal health centers had a small electric energy use reduction, because they were not directly responsible for COVID-19 treatment, as patients were forwarded to specific facilities. Walkthroughs and energy audits were performed in an administrative building, an elementary school, and a nursery school, to gain a deeper understanding of the consumption trends. It was observed that municipal buildings present a basal energy use intensity even when the buildings are unoccupied. Energy audits verified that stand-by loads and vital loads, such as lighting for safety and computer servers, play a key role in this share of energy use.
新冠肺炎疫情首次爆发后迅速蔓延至多个国家。因此，已采取多项措施来减缓该病毒在全球的传播。在巴西南部的弗洛里亚诺波利斯市，2020年3月16日实施了严格的封锁措施。尽管商业活动于4月21日恢复，但市政公共建筑（如行政大楼和学校）的全面封锁一直持续到2020年8月5日。文献报道强调了建筑内人员的存在和行为对建筑能源使用的影响。因此，本研究的目的是评估新冠肺炎疫情封锁措施对弗洛里亚诺波利斯市市政建筑电力使用的影响。市政府提供了一个包含每月电力使用数据的大型数据库并进行了分析。首先，将用户单元分为三类：系统、服务和建筑。结果表明，建筑直接受到封锁措施的影响，而系统和服务则未受影响。因此，对健康中心、行政大楼、小学和幼儿园进行了深入评估，分别观察到平均电力消耗减少了11.1%、38.6%、50.3%和50.4%。尽管乍一看可能出乎意料，但市政健康中心的电力消耗减少幅度较小，因为它们不直接负责新冠肺炎的治疗，患者会被转至特定设施。对一座行政大楼、一所小学和一所幼儿园进行了巡查和能源审计，以更深入地了解用电趋势。观察发现，即使市政建筑无人使用，也存在基础能源使用强度。能源审计证实，备用负荷和重要负荷，如安全照明和计算机服务器，在这部分能源使用中起关键作用。
