von Lühmann Alexander, Zheng Yilei, Ortega-Martinez Antonio, Kiran Swathi, Somers David C, Cronin-Golomb Alice, Awad Louis N, Ellis Terry D, Boas David A, Yücel Meryem A
Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
NIRx Medical Technologies, Berlin 13355, Germany.
Curr Opin Biomed Eng. 2021 Jun;18. doi: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100272. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) assesses human brain activity by noninvasively measuring changes of cerebral hemoglobin concentrations caused by modulation of neuronal activity. Recent progress in signal processing and advances in system design, such as miniaturization, wearability and system sensitivity, have strengthened fNIRS as a viable and cost-effective complement to functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), expanding the repertoire of experimental studies that can be performed by the neuroscience community. The availability of fNIRS and Electroencephalography (EEG) for routine, increasingly unconstrained, and mobile brain imaging is leading towards a new domain that we term "" (NEW). In this light, we review recent advances in hardware, study design and signal processing, and discuss challenges and future directions towards achieving NEW.
功能近红外光谱技术（fNIRS）通过非侵入性测量由神经元活动调节引起的脑血红蛋白浓度变化来评估人类大脑活动。信号处理方面的最新进展以及系统设计的进步，如小型化、可穿戴性和系统灵敏度的提高，增强了fNIRS作为功能磁共振成像（fMRI）一种可行且具有成本效益的补充手段的地位，扩大了神经科学界可开展的实验研究范围。fNIRS和脑电图（EEG）可用于常规、日益不受限制的移动脑成像，这正引领我们走向一个新领域，我们将其称为“新领域”（NEW）。有鉴于此，我们回顾了硬件、研究设计和信号处理方面的最新进展，并讨论了实现新领域所面临的挑战和未来方向。
