Skoczyńska Ewa, Leonards Pim E G, Llompart Maria, de Boer Jacob
Vrije Universiteit, Department of Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Vrije Universiteit, Department of Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Chemosphere. 2021 Aug;276:130076. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130076. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
Recycled crumb rubber (CR) is rich in compounds with unrecognized toxic potency; this study aims at the development of an analytical method that would allow identification and quantification of a very wide range of organic compounds extractable from the complex rubber matrix. The analytical set-up includes target analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and methyl-PAHs and suspect screening of raw extracts to tentatively identify primary organic compounds present, but not included in the standard target analysis of recycled rubber, followed by analytical method development and target analysis of identified compounds. Analyzed samples included weathered and new CR originating from football turf granulates, rubber mats, and end-of-life car tires (ELTs). The developed analytical method involves sonication extraction, followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) fractionation that enables simple and efficient separation of analytes with broad polarity scale. The application of SPE fractionation resolves coelution problems and simplifies the chromatograms. This analytical approach allowed to identify and quantify 46 sample specific compounds, including several heterocyclic PAHs like 2-methylthiobenzothiazole, benzonapthothiophenes, benzonaphthofuranes and aromatic amines like diphenylamine and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, which to our knowledge were not determined before. The PAHs concentrations determined in CR tiles purchased in Dutch and Spanish shops exceed the EU limits for articles marketed for use by the public. Furthermore, sets of methylated PAHs, dibenzothiazoles and aromatic amines were identified and quantified, and several other compounds were tentatively identified. The obtained results stress the need for expanding the list of target compounds analyzed in CR and the need for longitudinal studies on weathering processes taking place in CR.
再生胶粉（CR）富含具有未知毒性的化合物；本研究旨在开发一种分析方法，以鉴定和定量从复杂橡胶基质中可提取的多种有机化合物。分析设置包括多环芳烃（PAHs）和甲基化多环芳烃的目标分析，以及对粗提物的可疑物筛选，以初步鉴定存在但未包含在再生橡胶标准目标分析中的主要有机化合物，随后进行分析方法开发和对已鉴定化合物的目标分析。分析的样品包括来自足球草坪颗粒、橡胶垫和废旧汽车轮胎（ELT）的老化和新型CR。所开发的分析方法包括超声提取，然后进行固相萃取（SPE）分级分离，该方法能够简单有效地分离具有广泛极性范围的分析物。SPE分级分离的应用解决了共洗脱问题并简化了色谱图。这种分析方法能够鉴定和定量46种样品特异性化合物，包括几种杂环多环芳烃，如2-甲基硫代苯并噻唑、苯并萘并噻吩、苯并萘并呋喃，以及芳香胺，如二苯胺和N-苯基-2-萘胺，据我们所知，这些化合物以前尚未测定。在荷兰和西班牙商店购买的CR瓷砖中测定的多环芳烃浓度超过了欧盟对面向公众销售的产品的限制。此外，还鉴定和定量了甲基化多环芳烃、二苯并噻唑和芳香胺的类别，并初步鉴定了其他几种化合物。所得结果强调了扩大CR中分析的目标化合物清单的必要性，以及对CR中发生的老化过程进行纵向研究的必要性。
