Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 15;16(3):e0242396. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242396. eCollection 2021.
The objective of this pilot study was to describe the microbial profiles present in the plaque and saliva of children who continued to develop new carious lesions following treatment with silver diamine fluoride ("nonresponders") compared to caries active, caries-free, and children immediately receiving SDF treatment for untreated caries in order to identify potential microbial differences that may relate to a re-incidence of caries. Saliva and plaque samples from infected and contralateral sites were obtained from twenty children who were either caries free, had active carious lesions, were caries active and received SDF treatment immediately before sampling, or had previously received SDF treatment and developed new caries. In total, 8,057,899 Illumina-generated sequence reads from 60 samples were obtained. Reads were processed using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology pipeline. Group differences were assessed using Analysis of Variance Models and Tukey Honest Significant Differences. To identify significant taxa between treatment groups, Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LefSe) and Analysis of Differential Abundance Taking Sample Variation Into Account were used. Differential abundant analysis indicated that members of the Lachnospiraceae family were significantly enriched in non-responders and the genus Tannerella and species Granulicatella adiances were also highly abundant in this group. LefSe analysis between non-responders and SDF-treated groups revealed that genera Leptotrichia and Granulicatella were enriched in non-responders. We observed the highest abundance of phosphotransferase system and lowest abundance of lipopolysaccharide synthesis in non-responders. The microbiome in dental biofilms is responsible for initiation and progression of dental caries. SDF has been shown to be effective in arresting the progression carious lesions, in part due to its antimicrobial properties. Findings suggest that the differential abundance of select microbiota and specific pathway functioning in individuals that present with recurrent decay after SDF treatment may contribute to a potential failure of silver diamine fluoride to arrest dental caries. However, the short duration of sample collection following SDF application and the small sample size emphasize the need for further data and additional analysis.
本初步研究的目的在于描述经银胺氟化物（SDF）处理后仍继续产生新龋损的儿童（非应答者）的牙菌斑和唾液中的微生物特征，与龋活跃、无龋以及接受 SDF 治疗未经处理龋损的儿童进行比较，以确定可能与龋复发相关的潜在微生物差异。从 20 名儿童中获得了感染和对侧部位的牙菌斑和唾液样本，这些儿童要么无龋、有活跃的龋损、在采样前接受 SDF 治疗且龋活跃，要么先前接受 SDF 治疗且发生新龋。总共从 60 个样本中获得了 8057899 个 Illumina 生成的序列读数。使用定量微生物生态分析管道处理读取数据。使用方差分析模型和 Tukey 诚实显著差异评估组间差异。为了确定治疗组之间的显著分类群，使用线性判别分析效应量（LefSe）和考虑样本变异的差异丰度分析进行分析。差异丰度分析表明，lachnospiraceae 科的成员在非应答者中显著富集，属 Tannerella 和种 Granulicatella adiances 在该组中也高度丰富。非应答者与 SDF 治疗组之间的 LefSe 分析表明，属 Leptotrichia 和 Granulicatella 在非应答者中富集。我们观察到非应答者的磷酸转移酶系统丰度最高，脂多糖合成丰度最低。牙菌斑生物膜中的微生物组负责启动和发展龋病。SDF 已被证明能有效阻止龋病病变的进展，部分原因是其具有抗菌特性。研究结果表明，在 SDF 治疗后出现复发性龋齿的个体中，特定微生物的差异丰度和特定途径的功能可能导致银胺氟化物阻止龋齿的潜在失败。然而，SDF 应用后样本采集的持续时间短和样本量小强调了需要进一步的数据和额外的分析。
