Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Shanxi, China.
College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tai'an, China.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021 Nov;67(7):878-891. doi: 10.1177/00207640211002222. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Since the 21st century, humans have experienced five public health emergencies: the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), type A H1N1 influenza (H1N1), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Ebola virus disease (EVD), and the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). They caused a large number of casualties and a wider psychological crisis, which might cause severe consequences such as post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide.
To reveal the law of formation of public psychological crisis in public health emergencies, and draw lessons from it. To provide ideas for effectively deal with these psychological crisis problems and fundamentally curbing the occurrence of public health emergencies.
Through the method of literature research, 'public health incidents', 'psychological crisis', 'mental health', 'psychological intervention', 'SARS', 'H1N1', 'MERS', 'EVD', and 'COVID-19' were used to search literatures in the databases such as PubMed, Springer, and Sciencedirect, and the literatures were summarized, sorted, and studied.
(1) The public health emergencies caused a universal psychological crisis. The main manifestations were depression, compulsion, despair, etc. The people involved mainly include patients, suspected isolated patients, medical staff, and the general public in the epidemic situation. (2) People's psychological state often experienced stress stage, shock stage, acceptance, and reorganization. Only some susceptible individuals couldn't complete effective psychological reconstruction, resulting in serious psychological disorders. Individual susceptibility is related to genetic factors, adversity, and traumatic stimuli experienced in early life.
To reduce these psychological crisis problems, we should establish and improve the psychological crisis intervention or rescue system of public health emergencies, it was still necessary to live in harmony with nature, get rid of the inappropriate habit of preying on wild animals, in order to prevent the cross-species transmission of the virus between wild animals and humans, and to fundamentally avoid the occurrence of major infectious diseases.
自 21 世纪以来，人类经历了五次重大公共卫生突发事件：严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）、甲型 H1N1 流感（H1N1）、中东呼吸综合征（MERS）、埃博拉病毒病（EVD）和新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）。它们造成了大量人员伤亡和更广泛的心理危机，可能导致创伤后应激障碍和自杀等严重后果。
揭示重大公共卫生突发事件中公众心理危机形成的规律，从中汲取教训。为有效应对这些心理危机问题，从根本上遏制重大公共卫生突发事件的发生提供思路。
通过文献研究方法，以“公共卫生事件”“心理危机”“心理健康”“心理干预”“SARS”“H1N1”“MERS”“EVD”和“COVID-19”等为关键词，在 PubMed、Springer、Sciencedirect 等数据库中检索文献，对文献进行总结、整理和研究。
（1）重大公共卫生突发事件引发了普遍的心理危机，主要表现为抑郁、强迫、绝望等，涉及的人群主要包括患者、疑似隔离患者、医护人员和疫情下的普通公众。（2）人们的心理状态往往经历应激阶段、休克阶段、接受和重组。只有少数易感个体无法完成有效的心理重建，导致严重的心理障碍。个体易感性与遗传因素、逆境和早期生活中经历的创伤性刺激有关。
为减少这些心理危机问题，应建立和完善重大公共卫生突发事件心理危机干预或救援体系，同时仍有必要与自然和谐相处，摆脱捕食野生动物的不当习惯，以防止病毒在野生动物和人类之间跨物种传播，并从根本上避免重大传染病的发生。
