Wilson David Sloan, Coan James A
Binghamton University and Evolution Institute, USA.
University of Virginia, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2021 Apr;85:101987. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101987. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
The intellectual tradition of individualism treats the individual person as the fundamental unit of analysis and reduces all things social to the motives and actions of individuals. Most methods in clinical psychology are influenced by individualism and therefore treat the individual as the primary object of therapy/training, even when recognizing the importance of nurturing social relationships for individual wellbeing. Multilevel selection theory offers an alternative to individualism in which individuals become part of something larger than themselves that qualifies as an organism in its own right. Seeing individuals as parts of social organisms provides a new perspective with numerous implications for improving wellbeing at all scales, from individuals to the planet.
个人主义的知识传统将个人视为分析的基本单位，并将所有社会事物简化为个人的动机和行为。临床心理学中的大多数方法都受到个人主义的影响，因此将个人视为治疗/训练的主要对象，即使认识到培养社会关系对个人幸福的重要性。多层次选择理论为个人主义提供了一种替代方案，在这种方案中，个人成为比自身更大的事物的一部分，而这一事物本身就可被视为一个有机体。将个人视为社会有机体的一部分，为改善从个人到地球的所有层面的幸福提供了一个具有诸多意义的新视角。
