Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology) Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
Adv Biol (Weinh). 2021 Mar;5(3):e2000252. doi: 10.1002/adbi.202000252. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
The construction of a host-orthogonal genetic system can not only minimize the impact of host-specific nuances on fine-tuning of gene expression, but also expand cellular functions such as in vivo continuous evolution of genes based on an error-prone DNA polymerase. It represents an emerging powerful approach for making biology easier to engineer. In this review, the recent advances are described on the design of genetic systems that can be stably inherited in the host cells and are responsible for important biological processes including DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein translation, and gene regulation. Their applications in synthetic biology are summarized and the future challenges and opportunities are discussed in developing such systems.
构建一个宿主正交的遗传系统不仅可以最大限度地减少宿主特异性细微差别对基因表达微调的影响，而且还可以扩展细胞功能，例如基于易错 DNA 聚合酶的体内基因连续进化。它代表了一种新兴的强大方法，可以使生物学更容易进行工程设计。在这篇综述中，描述了设计可以在宿主细胞中稳定遗传并负责包括 DNA 复制、RNA 转录、蛋白质翻译和基因调控等重要生物学过程的遗传系统的最新进展。总结了它们在合成生物学中的应用，并讨论了开发此类系统所面临的未来挑战和机遇。
