Kleine-Kampmann Scarlett, Schöll Meike, Ehlers Lena, Hewelt Elisabeth, Götsch Udo, Göbels Klaus, Ippisch Siegfried, Seidel Juliane, Thanheiser Marc, Schindler Bert, Kalkowski Mathias, Boldt Matthias, Dirksen-Fischer Martin, von Münster Thomas, Jeglitza Matthias, Chmielewska Justyna, Sangs André, Mouchtouri Barbara, Rexroth Ute, An der Heiden Maria
Institut für Hygiene und Umwelt, Hamburg Port Health Center, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2021 Apr;64(4):454-462. doi: 10.1007/s00103-021-03297-x. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
COVID-19 has been challenging our society since January 2020. Due to global travel, the new coronavirus has rapidly spread worldwide. This article aims to provide an overview of the challenges in implementing measures in the air and maritime transport sector from the perspective of the German Public Health Service (Öffentlicher Gesundheitsdienst, ÖGD). Significant events and measures for air and maritime transport between January and August 2020 were selected. Lessons learned are discussed.During the COVID-19 pandemic, the ÖGD has been operating in a field of tension between the dynamics of scientific knowledge, political decision-making, social acceptance and consent.There are specific challenges at points of entry such as airports and seaports. These include staff shortages and the need to implement measures with a high organisational effort at very short notice such as health authority passenger checks carried out on aircraft, the establishment of test centres at points of entry and control of compliance with quarantine measures. Aggravating the situation, passenger lists, which are necessary for effective contact tracing, are often not available or incomplete. There is also a lack of digital tools for contact tracing but also, for example, the exchange of personal data within the ÖGD. Further difficulties in outbreak management arise from the cramped conditions on board ships and from the potential psychological stress on crew members and passengers, which have not yet been sufficiently considered.In view of all these challenges, it is paramount to strengthen the German Public Health Service in general and at points of entry and to intensify the exchange between the national, federal state and local levels.
自2020年1月以来，新冠疫情一直给我们的社会带来挑战。由于全球旅行，新型冠状病毒迅速在全球传播。本文旨在从德国公共卫生服务机构（Öffentlicher Gesundheitsdienst，ÖGD）的角度，概述航空和海运部门实施措施所面临的挑战。选取了2020年1月至8月期间航空和海运的重大事件及措施，并对经验教训进行了讨论。在新冠疫情期间，ÖGD一直在科学知识动态、政治决策、社会接受度和同意之间的紧张领域开展工作。在机场和海港等入境点存在一些特殊挑战。这些挑战包括人员短缺，以及需要在极短时间内以高强度的组织工作来实施措施，比如在飞机上进行卫生当局的乘客检查、在入境点设立检测中心以及管控检疫措施的遵守情况。使情况更加严峻的是，有效进行接触者追踪所需的乘客名单往往无法获取或不完整。此外，缺乏用于接触者追踪的数字工具，而且在ÖGD内部也缺乏例如个人数据交换等工具。船舶上的狭窄空间以及船员和乘客可能面临的心理压力，在疫情管理中带来了更多困难，而这些因素尚未得到充分考虑。鉴于所有这些挑战，加强德国公共卫生服务机构整体以及入境点的力量，并加强国家、联邦州和地方层面之间的交流至关重要。
