Tekiner Selda, Peker Gülsen Ceyhun, Doğan Mine Ceylan
Family Medicine Department/Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Ufuktepe Family Health Center, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Türkiye.
PeerJ. 2021 Mar 8;9:e10951. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10951. eCollection 2021.
Colorectal cancer screening program compliance in Turkey is around 20-30%. Factors that may affect preventive health behavior, mainly individuals' values, beliefs and attitudes, should be explored. A "Health Belief Model" (HBM) scale was developed in 1950 to explain the insufficient participation of some individuals in screening programs. The scale was adopted for colon cancer in 2002. The validity and reliability study of this scale for the Turkish language was conducted in 2007. In this study we aim to evaluate the health beliefs of relatively young individuals before the age of screening in relation to attitudes to colorectal cancer screening via the Turkish version of the scale.
A questionnaire composed of 14 sociodemographic questions and 33 HBM scale questions were applied to the patients of a Family Medicine outpatient clinic where the majority of the patients are relatively young people. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 21.0.
A total of 310 subjects at the age of 18 and over were informed about the study. The study was completed with 215 subjects with a participation rate of 69.3%. The average age of the participants was 35.4 ± 12.8 years; 62.8% of them were women; 26.0% were students. 94.4% of the participants did not have a history of colon cancer among their first degree relatives. 58.1% agreed that "A colonoscopy should be done every ten years starting at age 50 to screen for colon cancer." Age, marital status, education and occupation status were found to have an effect on barrier scores. Young participants, singles, and those with a primary and/or secondary school education had statistically significant higher barrier scores. The motivation scores of high school graduates were higher than university graduates. The seriousness scores of men were found to be higher than women.
Our study points out that attitudes about preventive health measures are mainly associated with age, gender, education level and marital status. These personal characteristics should be taken into consideration while offering screening programs and preventive health measures to individuals in order to protect against colorectal cancer. It is better to give specific messages according to personal characteristics and specific barriers instead of general messages about conducting screening tests beginning from a young age.
土耳其的结直肠癌筛查项目依从率约为20%-30%。应探究可能影响预防性健康行为的因素，主要是个人的价值观、信念和态度。1950年开发了一种“健康信念模型”（HBM）量表，以解释一些人参与筛查项目不足的情况。该量表于2002年被应用于结肠癌。2007年对该量表土耳其语版本的有效性和可靠性进行了研究。在本研究中，我们旨在通过该量表的土耳其语版本评估相对年轻的筛查前个体对结直肠癌筛查态度的健康信念。
一份由14个社会人口统计学问题和33个HBM量表问题组成的问卷被应用于一家家庭医学门诊诊所的患者，该诊所的大多数患者相对年轻。使用IBM SPSS 21.0版对数据进行分析。
共有310名18岁及以上受试者了解了该研究。215名受试者完成了研究，参与率为69.3%。参与者的平均年龄为35.4±12.8岁；其中62.8%为女性；26.0%为学生。94.4%的参与者一级亲属中无结肠癌病史。58.1%的人同意“应从50岁开始每十年进行一次结肠镜检查以筛查结肠癌”。发现年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度和职业状况对障碍得分有影响。年轻参与者、单身者以及小学和/或中学教育程度者的障碍得分在统计学上显著更高。高中毕业生的动机得分高于大学毕业生。发现男性的严重性得分高于女性。
我们的研究指出，对预防性健康措施的态度主要与年龄、性别、教育程度和婚姻状况有关。在为个体提供筛查项目和预防性健康措施以预防结直肠癌时，应考虑这些个人特征。根据个人特征和具体障碍给出特定信息，而不是从年轻时就开始进行筛查测试的一般信息，这样更好。
