Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile.
Escuela de Tecnología Medica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.
Eat Weight Disord. 2022 Feb;27(1):215-224. doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01136-1. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
The regulation of food intake and body weight involves two interacting systems: (a) The homeostatic system (including biological regulators of hunger and satiety) and (b) the non-homeostatic system, (involving concepts of food reinforcement and food addiction). Studies have established a strong genetic component in eating behavior and obesity. The TaqI A1 polymorphism (rs1800497) has previously been associated with eating behavior, diminished dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) density, higher body mass, and food reinforcement, but relations to food addiction remain unclear.
To evaluate the association between the polymorphism rs1800497 with eating behavior, food reinforcement and food addiction in Chilean adults.
This cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample of 97 obese, 25 overweight and 99 normal-weight adults (18-35 years). Anthropometric measurements were performed by standard procedures. Eating behavior was assessed using the: Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), the Three Factor Eating Behavior Questionnaire and the Food Reinforcement Value Questionnaire (FRVQ). The DRD2 genotype (rs1800497) was determined by taqman assays.
Twenty-two percentage of the participants met the criteria for food addiction. Food addiction was higher in women than men (26% vs 10.7%) and in obese compared to non-obese (40% vs 6%). There was no relationship between food addiction and DRD2 genotype. However when stratified by sex and nutritional status, obese female carriers of the A1 allele reported greater scores on emotional eating and snack food reinforcement compared to non-carriers.
The DRD2 polymorphism is associated with some hedonic aspects of eating behavior, namely food reinforcement and emotional eating but not food addiction, and this association may be moderated by sex and obesity status, with obese women who are carriers of this genetic variant at higher risk.
Level V: evidence obtained from a cross-sectional descriptive study.
食物摄入和体重的调节涉及两个相互作用的系统：（a） 体内平衡系统（包括饥饿和饱腹感的生物调节剂）和（b） 非体内平衡系统（涉及食物强化和食物成瘾的概念）。研究已经确定了饮食行为和肥胖的强烈遗传成分。TaqI A1 多态性（rs1800497）先前与饮食行为、多巴胺 D2 受体（DRD2）密度降低、体重增加和食物强化有关，但与食物成瘾的关系尚不清楚。
评估智利成年人中多态性 rs1800497 与饮食行为、食物强化和食物成瘾之间的关系。
这项横断面研究招募了方便的样本，包括 97 名肥胖者、25 名超重者和 99 名正常体重者（18-35 岁）。通过标准程序进行人体测量。饮食行为采用耶鲁食物成瘾量表（YFAS）、三因素饮食行为问卷和食物强化价值问卷（FRVQ）进行评估。DRD2 基因型（rs1800497）通过 taqman 检测确定。
22%的参与者符合食物成瘾的标准。女性的食物成瘾率高于男性（26%比 10.7%），肥胖者高于非肥胖者（40%比 6%）。食物成瘾与 DRD2 基因型之间没有关系。然而，按性别和营养状况分层时，携带 A1 等位基因的肥胖女性在情绪性进食和零食食物强化方面的得分高于非携带者。
DRD2 多态性与某些进食行为的享乐方面有关，即食物强化和情绪性进食，但与食物成瘾无关，这种关联可能受到性别和肥胖状态的调节，携带这种遗传变异的肥胖女性风险更高。
证据来自横断面描述性研究，属于五级证据。
