Western University of Health Sciences (WesternU), College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, California, USA.
MiDOG LLC, Irvine, California, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2021 May;35(3):1416-1426. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16104. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
Urine from clinically healthy dogs is not sterile. Characterizing microbial diversity and abundance within this population of dogs is important to define normal reference ranges for healthy urine.
To establish composition and relative representation of bacterial and fungal microbiomes in urine of clinically healthy dogs.
Fifty clinically healthy dogs.
Analytic study. Urine sampling via cystocentesis. Comprehensive evaluation of urine including standard urinalysis, culture and sensitivity, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and bioinformatics to define bacterial and fungal microbiome.
Culture did not yield positive results in any samples. Next-generation sequencing of urine established low presence of bacteria, fungi, or both in all samples. Diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities varied between urine samples from different dogs. Struvite crystals were associated with bacterial community structure (P = .07) and there was a positive correlation between struvite crystals and pH.
The microbiome in urine of clinically healthy dogs has diverse bacterial and fungal species These findings highlight limitations of conventional culture testing and the need for culture-independent molecular diagnostics to detect microorganisms in urine.
临床健康犬的尿液并非无菌。对该犬群中微生物多样性和丰度进行特征分析，对于确定健康尿液的正常参考范围很重要。
建立临床健康犬尿液中细菌和真菌微生物组的组成和相对丰度。
50 只临床健康犬。
分析性研究。经膀胱穿刺术采集尿液。对尿液进行综合评估，包括常规尿液分析、培养和药敏试验、下一代测序（NGS）和生物信息学，以确定细菌和真菌微生物组。
培养在任何样本中均未产生阳性结果。尿液的下一代测序结果显示，所有样本中细菌、真菌或两者均存在低丰度。来自不同犬的尿液样本中细菌和真菌群落的多样性和丰度存在差异。鸟粪石晶体与细菌群落结构相关（P =.07），且鸟粪石晶体与 pH 值呈正相关。
临床健康犬尿液中的微生物组具有多样的细菌和真菌物种。这些发现突出了传统培养检测的局限性，以及需要非培养的分子诊断方法来检测尿液中的微生物。
