DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Olof Palmes Alle 15, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Mar 19;21(1):543. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10594-2.
High levels of perceived stress have a negative bearing on health and well-being, and stress is a major public health issue. According to the Stress Process Model, stressors are socially patterned and combine to produce strain. Despite this, most studies on stress have focused on work-related stressors leaving non-work determinants under-investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative importance of work-related and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support for the overall perceived stress level.
Self-reported data were drawn from the 2017 population-based health survey "How are you?" conducted in the Central Denmark Region (N = 32,417). Data were linked with data drawn from national administrative registers. Work- and non-work-related stressors assessed included major life events, chronic stressors and daily hassles. Perceived social support was assessed using a single question. Overall perceived stress was assessed by the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. We conducted dominance analyses based on a multiple linear regression model to determine the most important explanatory variables of overall perceived stress. Analyses were weighted and adjusted.
Work- and non-work-related stressors along with perceived social support explained 42.5% of the total variance (R) in overall perceived stress. The most important explanatory variables were disease, perceived social support and work situation. The stratified analyses produced slightly varying results ("dominance profiles") of perceived stress between subgroups. Work situation was the most important explanatory variable in the employed group. However, adding non-work-related explanatory variables to the analysis tripled the explained variance.
The overall level of perceived stress can be statistically explained by a combination of work- and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support both at population level and in subgroups. The most important explanatory variables of overall perceived stress are disease, perceived social support and work situation. Results indicate that public health strategies aiming to reduce stress should take a comprehensive approach and address a variety of stressor domains rather than focus on a single domain.
The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (r. no. 2012-58-0006) and registered in the Central Denmark Region (r. no. 1-16-02-593-16).
高感知压力对健康和幸福感有负面影响，压力是一个主要的公共卫生问题。根据压力过程模型，压力源具有社会模式，它们结合起来产生紧张。尽管如此，大多数关于压力的研究都集中在与工作相关的压力源上，而对非工作决定因素的研究不足。本研究旨在确定与工作相关和非工作相关的压力源以及感知社会支持对整体感知压力水平的相对重要性。
自我报告的数据来自丹麦中部地区 2017 年基于人群的健康调查“你好吗？”（N=32417）。数据与国家行政登记册中提取的数据相关联。评估的与工作和非工作相关的压力源包括重大生活事件、慢性压力源和日常困扰。感知社会支持使用一个问题进行评估。整体感知压力通过 10 项感知压力量表进行评估。我们基于多元线性回归模型进行主导分析，以确定整体感知压力的最重要解释变量。分析进行了加权和调整。
工作和非工作相关的压力源以及感知社会支持共同解释了整体感知压力的 42.5%（R）的总方差。最重要的解释变量是疾病、感知社会支持和工作状况。分层分析产生了不同亚组之间感知压力的略有不同的结果（“主导地位概况”）。工作状况是就业组中最重要的解释变量。然而，将非工作相关的解释变量添加到分析中，可将解释的方差增加两倍。
在人群水平和亚组中，整体感知压力水平可以通过工作和非工作相关压力源以及感知社会支持的组合来进行统计学解释。整体感知压力的最重要解释变量是疾病、感知社会支持和工作状况。结果表明，旨在减轻压力的公共卫生策略应采取综合方法，解决各种压力源领域，而不是只关注单一领域。
该研究得到丹麦数据保护局（r. no. 2012-58-0006）的批准，并在丹麦中部地区（r. no. 1-16-02-593-16）注册。
