College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
ANISOLUTIONS International Ltd, P.O. Box 610, Entebbe, Uganda.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2021 Mar 20;10(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s40249-021-00823-6.
Neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium when the parasite lodges in the central nervous system, is an important cause of human seizures and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasite is prevalent in many regions of Uganda. Pigs are intermediate hosts for T. solium, and we evaluated a T. solium control program in pigs, involving vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and treatment with oxfendazole.
The study was conducted in two districts of Eastern Uganda involving the rural village communities of Bukedea (intervention area) and Kumi (control area) during 2016-2017. Seven hundred and thirty-four households were enrolled in the study. Pigs in the intervention area received intramuscular immunizations with TSOL18 (Cysvax™) and an oral medication with 30 mg/kg oxfendazole (Paranthic™) at approximately 3-monthly intervals for 18 months. Porcine cysticercosis was evaluated by post-mortem examination. At the beginning of the study, 111 pigs were examined. In an interim evaluation in the intervention area, 55 pigs were evaluated 12 months after starting the project. At the end of the study approximately 3 months after the final intervention, 55 pigs from the intervention area and 56 pigs from the control area were evaluated.
The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis for the two sites was 16.2% at the beginning of the study (17.2% in the intervention area and 15.1% in the control area) with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.759) between the two study sites. Among the 110 animals assessed from the intervention site (55 at the interim evaluation and 55 at the final evaluation), no pig with viable T. solium cysts was found. There was a statistically significant difference between the prevalence at baseline (17.2%) and at the end of the study (0%) in the intervention area (P = 0.001) and a statistically significant difference between the intervention (0%) and control areas (5.4%) (P = 0.041) at the end of the study.
Three-monthly concurrent vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and medication with oxfendazole eliminated T. solium transmission by the animals involved in the study. Application of vaccination with medication in pigs has the potential to reduce transmission of T. solium in Uganda and other endemic countries.
由猪带绦虫（Taenia solium）引起的神经囊尾蚴病，当寄生虫寄生在中枢神经系统时，是撒哈拉以南非洲地区人类癫痫发作和死亡的一个重要原因。该寄生虫在乌干达的许多地区都很常见。猪是猪带绦虫的中间宿主，我们评估了一项针对猪的猪带绦虫控制计划，包括用 TSOL18 疫苗对猪进行免疫接种和用奥芬达唑进行治疗。
该研究在乌干达东部的两个地区进行，涉及布凯代亚（干预区）和库米（对照区）的农村村庄社区，时间为 2016-2017 年。734 户家庭参与了这项研究。在干预区，猪每隔 3 个月接受一次肌肉内免疫接种 TSOL18（Cysvax™）和口服 30mg/kg 奥芬达唑（Paranthic™），共 18 个月。通过剖检评估猪囊尾蚴病。在研究开始时，检查了 111 头猪。在干预区的中期评估中，在项目开始后 12 个月评估了 55 头猪。在研究结束时，大约在最后一次干预后 3 个月，评估了来自干预区的 55 头猪和来自对照区的 56 头猪。
两个地点的猪囊尾蚴病患病率在研究开始时为 16.2%（干预区为 17.2%，对照区为 15.1%），两个研究地点之间无统计学差异（P=0.759）。在干预地点评估的 110 头动物中（55 头在中期评估和 55 头在最终评估），未发现有活力的猪带绦虫囊虫。干预区的基线患病率（17.2%）与研究结束时（0%）之间存在统计学差异（P=0.001），干预区与对照组（5.4%）之间也存在统计学差异（P=0.041）。
每 3 个月对猪进行一次 TSOL18 疫苗接种和奥芬达唑治疗，可消除参与研究的动物的猪带绦虫传播。在猪中应用疫苗和药物接种具有减少乌干达和其他流行地区猪带绦虫传播的潜力。
