Daliri Eric Banan-Mwine, Ofosu Fred Kwame, Xiuqin Chen, Chelliah Ramachandran, Oh Deog-Hwan
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Mar 3;12:655705. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655705. eCollection 2021.
Understanding the mechanism behind probiotic action will enable a rational selection of probiotics, increase the chances of success in clinical studies and make it easy to substantiate health claims. However, most probiotic studies over the years have rather focused on the effects of probiotics in health and disease, whereas little is known about the specific molecules that trigger effects in hosts. This makes it difficult to describe the detailed mechanism by which a given probiotic functions. Probiotics communicate with their hosts through molecular signaling. Meanwhile, since the molecules produced by probiotics under conditions may differ from those produced , mechanistic studies would have to be conducted under conditions that mimic gastrointestinal conditions as much as possible. The ideal situation would, however, be to carry out well-designed clinical trials in humans (or the target animal) using adequate quantities of the suspected probiotic molecule(s) or adequate quantities of isogenic knock-out or knock-in probiotic mutants. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge about probiotic bacteria and yeast molecules that are involved in molecular signaling with the host. We also discuss the challenges and future perspectives in the search for probiotic effector molecules.
了解益生菌作用背后的机制将有助于合理选择益生菌，增加临床研究成功的机会，并便于证实健康声明。然而，多年来大多数益生菌研究都更侧重于益生菌在健康和疾病中的作用，而对于触发宿主效应的具体分子却知之甚少。这使得难以描述特定益生菌发挥作用的详细机制。益生菌通过分子信号与宿主进行交流。同时，由于益生菌在不同条件下产生的分子可能不同，因此必须在尽可能模拟胃肠道条件的情况下进行机制研究。然而，理想的情况是使用足够数量的可疑益生菌分子或足够数量的同基因敲除或敲入益生菌突变体，在人类（或目标动物）身上进行精心设计的临床试验。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前关于参与与宿主分子信号传导的益生菌和酵母分子的知识。我们还讨论了寻找益生菌效应分子过程中的挑战和未来前景。
