Pamminger Tobias
BASF SE, Limburgerhof, Germany.
BAYER Crop Science, Monheim am Rhein, Germany.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2021 Jul;40(7):2044-2052. doi: 10.1002/etc.5045. Epub 2021 May 6.
Plant protection products, including insecticides, are important for global food production but can have adverse effects on nontarget organisms including bees. Historically, research investigating such effects has focused mainly on the honeybee (Apis mellifera), whereas less information is available for non-Apis bees. Consequently, a comprehensive hazard (sensitivity) assessment for the majority of bees is lacking, which in turn hinders accurate risk characterization and consequently bee protection. Interspecies sensitivity extrapolation based on body weight might be a way to improve the situation, but in the past such approaches often ignored the phylogenetic background of the species used, which in turn potentially reduces the robustness of such results. Published acute contact sensitivity data (median lethal dose per bee) of bees to insecticides, their body weight, and their phylogenetic background were used to build interspecies scaling models to predict bee sensitivity based on their weight. The results indicate that 1) bee body weight is a predictor of acute contact bee sensitivity to a range of insecticides, and 2) phylogeny (nonindependence of data points) needs to be considered in cross-species analysis, although it does not always confound the observed effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2044-2052. © 2021 SETAC.
包括杀虫剂在内的植物保护产品对全球粮食生产至关重要，但可能会对包括蜜蜂在内的非靶标生物产生不利影响。从历史上看，调查此类影响的研究主要集中在蜜蜂（西方蜜蜂）上，而关于非蜜蜂类蜜蜂的信息较少。因此，缺乏对大多数蜜蜂的全面危害（敏感性）评估，这反过来又阻碍了准确的风险特征描述，进而影响蜜蜂保护。基于体重的种间敏感性推断可能是改善这种情况的一种方法，但过去此类方法往往忽略了所用物种的系统发育背景，这反过来又可能降低此类结果的稳健性。利用已发表的蜜蜂对杀虫剂的急性接触敏感性数据（每只蜜蜂的半数致死剂量）、它们的体重以及它们的系统发育背景来建立种间尺度模型，以根据蜜蜂的体重预测其敏感性。结果表明：1）蜜蜂体重是蜜蜂对一系列杀虫剂急性接触敏感性的一个预测指标；2）在跨物种分析中需要考虑系统发育（数据点的非独立性），尽管它并不总是混淆观察到的效应。《环境毒理学与化学》2021年；40：2044 - 2052。© 2021 SETAC。
