Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, EU, Spain.
Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Int Microbiol. 2021 Aug;24(3):275-289. doi: 10.1007/s10123-021-00168-y. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic disease of uncertain etiology, although it is generally considered as an immune-mediated disease that affects the mucous membranes and even the skin and nails. Over the years, this disease was attributed to a variety of causes, including different types of microorganisms. This review analyzes the present state of the art of the disease, from a microbiological point of view, while considering whether or not the possibility of a microbial origin for the disease can be supported. From the evidence presented here, OLP should be considered an immunological disease, as it was initially proposed, as opposed to an illness of microbiological origin. The different microorganisms so far described as putative disease-causing agents do not fulfill Koch's postulates; they are, actually, not the cause, but a result of the disease that provides the right circumstances for microbial colonization. This means that, at this stage, and unless new data becomes available, no microorganism can be envisaged as the causative agent of lichen planus.
口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）是一种病因不明的慢性疾病，尽管它通常被认为是一种免疫介导的疾病，会影响黏膜，甚至皮肤和指甲。多年来，这种疾病归因于多种原因，包括不同类型的微生物。本综述从微生物学角度分析了该疾病的现状，同时考虑了该疾病是否可能具有微生物起源。从这里呈现的证据来看，OLP 应该被认为是一种免疫性疾病，就像最初提出的那样，而不是一种微生物起源的疾病。到目前为止，被描述为可能致病的不同微生物不符合科赫假设；它们实际上不是病因，而是疾病的结果，为微生物定植提供了合适的环境。这意味着，在现阶段，除非有新的数据出现，否则不能将任何微生物视为扁平苔藓的致病因子。
