Environmental Psychology, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Gävle|School of Arts, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Sweden.
Noise Health. 2021 Jan-Mar;23(108):35-41. doi: 10.4103/nah.NAH_45_18.
Populations in cities are projected to increase globally, densifying urban residential environments with both positive and negative effects. Positive social effects are offset by negative health effects however; urban residential noise has been identified in a large number of studies as a significant contributor to social unrest as well as a risk to physiological and psychological health caused by stress, making this topic highly relevant to the discussion on sustainability urban growth. Focusing on the psychological rebound effect of urban residential noise, this paper attempts to explain how and why auditory aspects of the spatial environment negatively influences urban residents. To provide context and to indicate areas in need of improvement, the legislative challenges to be faced are considered, with Sweden as a prime example of a first world country grappling with the effects of increased urban density. Existing building legislation regarding residential noise is considered in relation to studies investigating the effects of residential noise on psychological and physiological health, outlining areas in need of future development. Then, health responses to residential noise are placed in a broader evolutionary context by considering how these effects might be the result of triggered evolutionary mechanisms for keeping population size optimal. Further, the spatial dimension of hearing is discussed with reference to theories of territoriality in environmental psychology and the concept of auditory territoriality is described.
预计全球城市人口将增加，城市居住环境的密度将增加，这既有积极影响，也有消极影响。然而，积极的社会影响被消极的健康影响所抵消；大量研究表明，城市居住噪声是社会动荡的一个重要原因，也是由压力引起的生理和心理健康风险的一个原因，这使得这个话题与可持续城市增长的讨论高度相关。本文聚焦于城市居住噪声的心理回弹效应，试图解释听觉环境如何以及为何会对城市居民产生负面影响。为了提供背景并指出需要改进的领域，本文考虑了立法方面的挑战，以瑞典为例，说明了一个发达国家如何应对城市密度增加带来的影响。本文还考虑了有关居住噪声对心理和生理健康影响的研究，探讨了现有建筑法规在这方面的不足，为未来的发展指明了方向。然后，通过考虑这些影响可能是为了保持人口规模最佳而触发的进化机制的结果，将对居住噪声的健康反应置于更广泛的进化背景中。此外，本文还讨论了听觉的空间维度，并参考了环境心理学中的领土理论，描述了听觉领土的概念。
